SEHK Wiki - User contributions [en-gb]

Testing

2024-07-15T06:45:54Z

Helen: /* Testing */

==Testing==
'''Title Testing

Body Testing:
*Subject I
*Subject II
*Subject III

[[File: tabletesting.png | link=https://www.sehk-wiki.org/index.php/Category:Cardiovascular_Drug]]

{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Heading I
!Heading II
|-
!style="background-color:red | '''[[:Category: ACE inhibitors | 心臟衰竭]]
| Test I
*Go to the ACEI Category
|-
!style="background-color:yellow" | '''[[:Category: Drugs | 心輸出量]]
| Test II
*Go to the Drug Category
|-
!style="background-color:#40ff69" | '''[[Metformin | 血壓]]
| Test III
*Go to the Metformin Page
|-
!style="background-color:#40ffff" | '''交感神經作用
| Test IV [[File: Testing.png | 50px | link=https://www.sehk-wiki.org/index.php/Category:Cardiovascular_Drug]]
*Check the picture can go to the Cardiovascular Drug Category
|-
!style="background-color:#ff40ec" | '''腎素
| '''Expand the 'Test V' first.
{|
|<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | Test V
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Select one page.
*[[:Category: ACE inhibitors | ACEI]]
*[[:Category: Angiotensin II receptor Blockers ARB | ARB]]
*[[:Category: Beta blockers | BB]]
*[[:Category: Calcium-channel Blocker, CCB | CCB]]
*[[:Category: Diuretics | Diuretics]]
</div>
</div>
|}
|-
!style="background-color:#7940ff" | '''[[Main Page | 血管緊張素II]]
| Test VI
*Go to the Main Page
|-
!style="color:white; background:black" | '''醛固酮
| Test VII
|}

{|
!heading1
!heading2
|-style="background-color:red"
|cell1
|cell2
|-
|cell3
|cell4
|}

==Header Name==
Visit - [https://www.canva.com/design/DAGH6I50vCA/huJi1Fyr9Vgve4sbb-9ddw/view?utm_content=DAGH6I50vCA&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link&utm_source=editor Syntax Guide]

==Basics==
==== Sub Header Name====
'''any words'''

''any words''

<u>any words</u>

m<sup>2</sup>

== Create a Table ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Column 1 Name
!Column 2 Name
!Column 3 Name
!Column 4 Name
|-
| Row 1 Col 1 Content
| Row 1 Col 2 Content
| Row 1 Col 3 Content
| rowspan="3" | Row 1-3 Col 4 Content
|-
| Row 2 Col 1 Content
| Row 2 Col 2 Content
| Row 2 Col 3 Content
|-
| Row 3 Col 1 Content
| Row 3 Col 2 Content
| Row 3 Col 3 Content
|}

== Creating References ==
The Sun is pretty big.<ref name="reference1">E. Miller, ''The Sun'', (New York: Academic Press, 2005), 23–25.</ref> The Moon, however, is not so big.<ref name="reference2">R. Smith, "Size of the Moon", ''Scientific American'', 46 (April 1978): 44–46.</ref>

*This is an example if you want to reference no. 1 again <ref name="reference1"/>

#This is an example if you want to reference no. 2 again <ref name="reference2"/>

==Notes==
<references />

Testing

2024-07-15T06:45:42Z

Helen: /* Testing */

==Testing==
'''Title Testing

Body Testing:
*Subject I
*Subject II
*Subject III

[[File: tabletesting.png | https://www.sehk-wiki.org/index.php/Category:Cardiovascular_Drug]]

{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Heading I
!Heading II
|-
!style="background-color:red | '''[[:Category: ACE inhibitors | 心臟衰竭]]
| Test I
*Go to the ACEI Category
|-
!style="background-color:yellow" | '''[[:Category: Drugs | 心輸出量]]
| Test II
*Go to the Drug Category
|-
!style="background-color:#40ff69" | '''[[Metformin | 血壓]]
| Test III
*Go to the Metformin Page
|-
!style="background-color:#40ffff" | '''交感神經作用
| Test IV [[File: Testing.png | 50px | link=https://www.sehk-wiki.org/index.php/Category:Cardiovascular_Drug]]
*Check the picture can go to the Cardiovascular Drug Category
|-
!style="background-color:#ff40ec" | '''腎素
| '''Expand the 'Test V' first.
{|
|<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | Test V
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Select one page.
*[[:Category: ACE inhibitors | ACEI]]
*[[:Category: Angiotensin II receptor Blockers ARB | ARB]]
*[[:Category: Beta blockers | BB]]
*[[:Category: Calcium-channel Blocker, CCB | CCB]]
*[[:Category: Diuretics | Diuretics]]
</div>
</div>
|}
|-
!style="background-color:#7940ff" | '''[[Main Page | 血管緊張素II]]
| Test VI
*Go to the Main Page
|-
!style="color:white; background:black" | '''醛固酮
| Test VII
|}

{|
!heading1
!heading2
|-style="background-color:red"
|cell1
|cell2
|-
|cell3
|cell4
|}

==Header Name==
Visit - [https://www.canva.com/design/DAGH6I50vCA/huJi1Fyr9Vgve4sbb-9ddw/view?utm_content=DAGH6I50vCA&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link&utm_source=editor Syntax Guide]

==Basics==
==== Sub Header Name====
'''any words'''

''any words''

<u>any words</u>

m<sup>2</sup>

== Create a Table ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Column 1 Name
!Column 2 Name
!Column 3 Name
!Column 4 Name
|-
| Row 1 Col 1 Content
| Row 1 Col 2 Content
| Row 1 Col 3 Content
| rowspan="3" | Row 1-3 Col 4 Content
|-
| Row 2 Col 1 Content
| Row 2 Col 2 Content
| Row 2 Col 3 Content
|-
| Row 3 Col 1 Content
| Row 3 Col 2 Content
| Row 3 Col 3 Content
|}

== Creating References ==
The Sun is pretty big.<ref name="reference1">E. Miller, ''The Sun'', (New York: Academic Press, 2005), 23–25.</ref> The Moon, however, is not so big.<ref name="reference2">R. Smith, "Size of the Moon", ''Scientific American'', 46 (April 1978): 44–46.</ref>

*This is an example if you want to reference no. 1 again <ref name="reference1"/>

#This is an example if you want to reference no. 2 again <ref name="reference2"/>

==Notes==
<references />

Testing

2024-07-15T06:45:18Z

Helen: /* Testing */

==Testing==
'''Title Testing

Body Testing:
*Subject I
*Subject II
*Subject III

[[File: tabletesting.png]]

{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Heading I
!Heading II
|-
!style="background-color:red | '''[[:Category: ACE inhibitors | 心臟衰竭]]
| Test I
*Go to the ACEI Category
|-
!style="background-color:yellow" | '''[[:Category: Drugs | 心輸出量]]
| Test II
*Go to the Drug Category
|-
!style="background-color:#40ff69" | '''[[Metformin | 血壓]]
| Test III
*Go to the Metformin Page
|-
!style="background-color:#40ffff" | '''交感神經作用
| Test IV [[File: Testing.png | 50px | link=https://www.sehk-wiki.org/index.php/Category:Cardiovascular_Drug]]
*Check the picture can go to the Cardiovascular Drug Category
|-
!style="background-color:#ff40ec" | '''腎素
| '''Expand the 'Test V' first.
{|
|<div class="toccolours mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> | Test V
<div class="mw-collapsible-content">
Select one page.
*[[:Category: ACE inhibitors | ACEI]]
*[[:Category: Angiotensin II receptor Blockers ARB | ARB]]
*[[:Category: Beta blockers | BB]]
*[[:Category: Calcium-channel Blocker, CCB | CCB]]
*[[:Category: Diuretics | Diuretics]]
</div>
</div>
|}
|-
!style="background-color:#7940ff" | '''[[Main Page | 血管緊張素II]]
| Test VI
*Go to the Main Page
|-
!style="color:white; background:black" | '''醛固酮
| Test VII
|}

{|
!heading1
!heading2
|-style="background-color:red"
|cell1
|cell2
|-
|cell3
|cell4
|}

==Header Name==
Visit - [https://www.canva.com/design/DAGH6I50vCA/huJi1Fyr9Vgve4sbb-9ddw/view?utm_content=DAGH6I50vCA&utm_campaign=designshare&utm_medium=link&utm_source=editor Syntax Guide]

==Basics==
==== Sub Header Name====
'''any words'''

''any words''

<u>any words</u>

m<sup>2</sup>

== Create a Table ==
{| class="wikitable"
!Column 1 Name
!Column 2 Name
!Column 3 Name
!Column 4 Name
|-
| Row 1 Col 1 Content
| Row 1 Col 2 Content
| Row 1 Col 3 Content
| rowspan="3" | Row 1-3 Col 4 Content
|-
| Row 2 Col 1 Content
| Row 2 Col 2 Content
| Row 2 Col 3 Content
|-
| Row 3 Col 1 Content
| Row 3 Col 2 Content
| Row 3 Col 3 Content
|}

== Creating References ==
The Sun is pretty big.<ref name="reference1">E. Miller, ''The Sun'', (New York: Academic Press, 2005), 23–25.</ref> The Moon, however, is not so big.<ref name="reference2">R. Smith, "Size of the Moon", ''Scientific American'', 46 (April 1978): 44–46.</ref>

*This is an example if you want to reference no. 1 again <ref name="reference1"/>

#This is an example if you want to reference no. 2 again <ref name="reference2"/>

==Notes==
<references />

Testing

2024-07-15T06:45:11Z

Helen: /* Testing */

利培酮

2024-07-09T07:15:11Z

Helen: /* 藥物動力學 */

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''利培酮''' (English: [[Risperidone]])

==常見劑量==
*0.25毫克、0.5毫克、1毫克、2毫克、3毫克、4毫克片劑；1毫克/毫升口服溶液

==藥物商品名稱==
*Risperdal
*Risperdal Consta（長效注射劑型）

==藥物用途==
* 治療精神分裂症
* 治療與雙極障礙相關的躁狂或混合發作
* 治療與自閉症相關的易怒情緒

==作用機制==
利培酮是是5-HT2 和多巴胺 D2 受體的拮抗劑。它通過調節多巴胺和血清素的活性來改善思覺失調的症狀

==給藥途徑==
* 口服（片劑和口服溶液）
* 肌肉注射（長效注射劑型）

==劑量==
* 精神分裂症（成人）：起始劑量每天2毫克，目標劑量每天4至8毫克
* 雙極性躁狂（成人）：起始劑量每天2至3毫克，目標劑量每天1至6毫克

對於中度至重度腎功能不全（eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2）：

* 精神分裂症的最大建議劑量為每天 3 毫克。
* 重度憂鬱症的最大建議劑量為每天 2 毫克。
對於嚴重腎功能不全的患者（CrCl < 30 mL/min）：

* 初始劑量：0.5 mg，每日兩次
* 每日兩次，增量最多 0.5 mg
* 每日兩次增加至 1.5 毫克以上，應至少間隔一周

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="13" | '''常見
| 嗜睡
|-
| 頭暈：這會增加跌倒的風險
|-
| 體重增加：食慾增加導致體重增加
|-
| 噁心：胃部感覺不舒服
|-
| 便秘
|-
| 口乾：唾液分泌減少
|-
| 唾液增加：唾液分泌過多
|-
| 焦慮：緊張或擔心的感覺
|-
| 激動：坐立不安或煩躁
|-
| 睡眠困難：入睡或保持睡眠困難
|-
| 視力模糊：視力清晰度改變
|-
| 流鼻水或鼻塞：類似感冒的症狀
|-
| 疲勞：普遍的疲倦感
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''不常見
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群 (NMS)：症狀包括高燒、肌肉僵硬和精神狀態改變
|-
| 遲發性運動障礙**：不自主的重複性運動，尤其是臉部和四肢，可能是不可逆的
|-
| 血糖、膽固醇和三酸甘油酯增加以及體重增加，可能導致糖尿病
|-
| 認知障礙：思考或集中註意力困難
|-
| 難以調節體溫，導致過熱或體溫過低
|-
| 跌倒風險增加：尤其是老年患者，因頭暈和嗜睡
|-
| 直立性低血壓：站立時血壓突然下降，造成頭暈或昏厥
|-
| 癲癇發作：抽搐或痙攣
|-
| 白血球數低：感染風險增加
|-
| 過敏反應：症狀包括皮疹、搔癢和呼吸困難
|-
| 中風：老年癡呆症相關精神病患者的風險增加
|-
| 催乳素水平升高：可導致母乳分泌、月經不規則和性功能障礙
|}

==藥物動力學==
*吸收
**血漿濃度高峰在 1 至 2 小時內出現
*代謝
**在肝臟中經CYP2D6廣泛代謝
*消除
**約70%經由尿液排出，14%經由糞便排出。活性部分（利培酮加 9-羥基利培酮）的半衰期約為 20 小時。
1 至 2 週內即可看到藥物起效，通常在 4至6 週觀察到完全效果

==用藥須知==
'''老年患者的風險增加
* 由於中風和死亡的風險增加，不應用於治療老年人失智症相關的精神病
* 可能導致老年患者嗜睡、頭暈和吞嚥困難，增加跌倒和窒息的風險

'''懷孕
*謹慎使用；應考慮對胎兒的潛在風險

'''母乳餵哺
*不建議使用；利培酮會分泌到人乳中

'''監測事項
* 體重、血糖、血脂、泌乳素水平、錐體外系症狀的跡象

'''藥物交互作用
* 可能會增強其他中樞神經系統抑制劑的作用；與延長QT間期的藥物併用時需謹慎

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
*通常每天一次或兩次，可以與食物一起服用或不與食物一起服用。

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*避免飲酒，並在了解利培酮如何影響您之前，避免需要精神警覺的活動。

'''如果漏服一劑怎麼辦？
*盡快服用錯過的劑量，但如果接近下一次劑量時間，則跳過錯過的劑量。不要雙倍服用。

利培酮

2024-07-09T07:14:57Z

Helen: /* 副作用 */

利培酮

2024-07-09T07:14:10Z

Helen: Created page with "Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 '''口服抗精神病藥物''' '''藥物類別：:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典..."

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''利培酮''' (English: [[Risperidone]])

==常見劑量==
*0.25毫克、0.5毫克、1毫克、2毫克、3毫克、4毫克片劑；1毫克/毫升口服溶液

==藥物商品名稱==
*Risperdal
*Risperdal Consta（長效注射劑型）

==藥物用途==
* 治療精神分裂症
* 治療與雙極障礙相關的躁狂或混合發作
* 治療與自閉症相關的易怒情緒

==作用機制==
利培酮是是5-HT2 和多巴胺 D2 受體的拮抗劑。它通過調節多巴胺和血清素的活性來改善思覺失調的症狀

==給藥途徑==
* 口服（片劑和口服溶液）
* 肌肉注射（長效注射劑型）

==劑量==
* 精神分裂症（成人）：起始劑量每天2毫克，目標劑量每天4至8毫克
* 雙極性躁狂（成人）：起始劑量每天2至3毫克，目標劑量每天1至6毫克

對於中度至重度腎功能不全（eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2）：

* 精神分裂症的最大建議劑量為每天 3 毫克。
* 重度憂鬱症的最大建議劑量為每天 2 毫克。
對於嚴重腎功能不全的患者（CrCl < 30 mL/min）：

* 初始劑量：0.5 mg，每日兩次
* 每日兩次，增量最多 0.5 mg
* 每日兩次增加至 1.5 毫克以上，應至少間隔一周

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''常見
| 嗜睡
|-
| 頭暈：這會增加跌倒的風險
|-
| 體重增加：食慾增加導致體重增加
|-
| 噁心：胃部感覺不舒服
|-
| 便秘
|-
| 口乾：唾液分泌減少
|-
| 唾液增加：唾液分泌過多
|-
| 焦慮：緊張或擔心的感覺
|-
| 激動：坐立不安或煩躁
|-
| 睡眠困難：入睡或保持睡眠困難
|-
| 視力模糊：視力清晰度改變
|-
| 流鼻水或鼻塞：類似感冒的症狀
|-
| 疲勞：普遍的疲倦感
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''不常見
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群 (NMS)：症狀包括高燒、肌肉僵硬和精神狀態改變
|-
| 遲發性運動障礙**：不自主的重複性運動，尤其是臉部和四肢，可能是不可逆的
|-
| 血糖、膽固醇和三酸甘油酯增加以及體重增加，可能導致糖尿病
|-
| 認知障礙：思考或集中註意力困難
|-
| 難以調節體溫，導致過熱或體溫過低
|-
| 跌倒風險增加：尤其是老年患者，因頭暈和嗜睡
|-
| 直立性低血壓：站立時血壓突然下降，造成頭暈或昏厥
|-
| 癲癇發作：抽搐或痙攣
|-
| 白血球數低：感染風險增加
|-
| 過敏反應：症狀包括皮疹、搔癢和呼吸困難
|-
| 中風：老年癡呆症相關精神病患者的風險增加
|-
| 催乳素水平升高：可導致母乳分泌、月經不規則和性功能障礙
|}

==藥物動力學==
*吸收
**血漿濃度高峰在 1 至 2 小時內出現
*代謝
**在肝臟中經CYP2D6廣泛代謝
*消除
**約70%經由尿液排出，14%經由糞便排出。活性部分（利培酮加 9-羥基利培酮）的半衰期約為 20 小時。
1 至 2 週內即可看到藥物起效，通常在 4至6 週觀察到完全效果

==用藥須知==
'''老年患者的風險增加
* 由於中風和死亡的風險增加，不應用於治療老年人失智症相關的精神病
* 可能導致老年患者嗜睡、頭暈和吞嚥困難，增加跌倒和窒息的風險

'''懷孕
*謹慎使用；應考慮對胎兒的潛在風險

'''母乳餵哺
*不建議使用；利培酮會分泌到人乳中

'''監測事項
* 體重、血糖、血脂、泌乳素水平、錐體外系症狀的跡象

'''藥物交互作用
* 可能會增強其他中樞神經系統抑制劑的作用；與延長QT間期的藥物併用時需謹慎

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
*通常每天一次或兩次，可以與食物一起服用或不與食物一起服用。

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*避免飲酒，並在了解利培酮如何影響您之前，避免需要精神警覺的活動。

'''如果漏服一劑怎麼辦？
*盡快服用錯過的劑量，但如果接近下一次劑量時間，則跳過錯過的劑量。不要雙倍服用。

喹硫平

2024-07-09T07:03:32Z

Helen: /* 副作用 */

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''喹硫平''' (English: [[Quetiapine]])

==常見劑量==
*25毫克、50毫克、100毫克、200毫克、300毫克、400毫克片劑

==藥物商品名稱==
*Seroque
*Seroquel XR

==藥物用途==
* 治療精神分裂症
* 治療與雙極型障礙相關的躁狂發作
* 治療與雙極障礙相關的抑鬱發作
* 作為鋰鹽輔助療法，用於雙極型障礙的維持治療
* 重度抑鬱障礙的輔助治療

==作用機制==
喹硫平是腦內多種神經遞質受體的拮抗劑，包括血清素5-HT1A和5-HT2、多巴胺D1和D2、組胺H1以及腎上腺素α1和α2受體。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服

==劑量==
* 精神分裂症：每天150-750毫克
* 雙極性躁狂：每天400-800毫克
* 雙極性抑鬱：每天300-600毫克
* 重度抑鬱障礙（輔助治療）：每天150-300毫克

腎功能不全患者無須調整劑量。

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="4" | '''常見
| 頭暈：經常在快速站起來時發生。建議慢慢站起來以減輕這種影響
|-
| 嗜睡：會影響日常活動，例如駕駛或操作機器
|-
| 口乾：使用無糖口香糖或糖果有助於緩解口乾
|-
| 體重增加和食慾增加：患者可能會出現體重顯著增加
|-
| rowspan="10" | '''不常見
| 視野模糊
|-
| 胃部不適：包括噁心和嘔吐
|-
| 普遍感覺疲倦和缺乏活力
|-
| 血糖值升高：可能導致或惡化糖尿病
|-
| 不受控制的肌肉運動：例如顫抖、抽搐或僵硬，這可能是遲發性運動障礙
|-
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群 (NMS)：症狀包括高燒、肌肉僵硬、神智不清和出汗。
|-
| QT 延長：一種心律疾病，可導致嚴重（甚至致命）的心律不整
|-
| 嚴重過敏反應：症狀包括蕁麻疹、呼吸困難、臉部、嘴唇、舌頭或喉嚨腫脹
|-
| 由於白血球數降低，感染增加
|-
| 自殺念頭：尤其是年輕患者或有憂鬱症病史的患者
|}

==藥物動力學==
*吸收
**快速吸收，服藥後約 1.5 小時出現血漿濃度峰值
*代謝
**主要透過 CYP3A4 在肝臟中廣泛代謝
*消除
**平均終末半衰期約 6 小時

藥物可能在 1至2 週內開始見效，通常在 4至6 週內達到完全效果。

==用藥須知==
'''懷孕

*謹慎使用；應考慮對胎兒的潛在風險

'''母乳餵哺

*不建議使用；喹硫平會分泌到人乳中

'''兒童及長者

*不適用於10歲以下兒童；老年患者慎用

'''喹硫平會幹擾身體調節溫度的能力。避免過熱和脫水，尤其是在運動期間或在炎熱的天氣

'''監測是否有惡化的憂鬱症或自殺念頭，尤其是年輕人和兒童

'''在未諮詢醫生的情況下，不要突然停止服用喹硫平。劑量需要慢慢減少

'''監測事項
* 體重、血糖、血脂、錐體外系症狀

'''藥物交互作用
* CYP3A4 抑制劑可能會增加喹硫平水平
* CYP3A4誘導劑可能會降低喹硫平水平
* 與延長QT的藥物併用時需謹慎

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
*通常每天一次或兩次，可以與食物一起服用或不與食物一起服用。

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*避免飲酒，並在了解喹硫平如何影響您之前，避免需要精神警覺的活動。
*避免吃葡萄柚或喝葡萄柚汁

'''如果漏服一劑怎麼辦？
*盡快服用錯過的劑量，但如果接近下一次劑量時間，則跳過錯過的劑量。不要雙倍服用。

喹硫平

2024-07-09T07:03:10Z

Helen:

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''喹硫平''' (English: [[Quetiapine]])

==常見劑量==
*25毫克、50毫克、100毫克、200毫克、300毫克、400毫克片劑

==藥物商品名稱==
*Seroque
*Seroquel XR

==藥物用途==
* 治療精神分裂症
* 治療與雙極型障礙相關的躁狂發作
* 治療與雙極障礙相關的抑鬱發作
* 作為鋰鹽輔助療法，用於雙極型障礙的維持治療
* 重度抑鬱障礙的輔助治療

==作用機制==
喹硫平是腦內多種神經遞質受體的拮抗劑，包括血清素5-HT1A和5-HT2、多巴胺D1和D2、組胺H1以及腎上腺素α1和α2受體。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服

==劑量==
* 精神分裂症：每天150-750毫克
* 雙極性躁狂：每天400-800毫克
* 雙極性抑鬱：每天300-600毫克
* 重度抑鬱障礙（輔助治療）：每天150-300毫克

腎功能不全患者無須調整劑量。

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="4" | '''常見
| 頭暈：經常在快速站起來時發生。建議慢慢站起來以減輕這種影響
|-
| 嗜睡：會影響日常活動，例如駕駛或操作機器
|-
| 口乾：使用無糖口香糖或糖果有助於緩解口乾
|-
| 體重增加和食慾增加：患者可能會出現體重顯著增加
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''不常見
| 視野模糊
|-
| 胃部不適：包括噁心和嘔吐
|-
| 普遍感覺疲倦和缺乏活力
|-
| 血糖值升高：可能導致或惡化糖尿病
|-
| 不受控制的肌肉運動：例如顫抖、抽搐或僵硬，這可能是遲發性運動障礙
|-
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群 (NMS)：症狀包括高燒、肌肉僵硬、神智不清和出汗。
|-
| QT 延長：一種心律疾病，可導致嚴重（甚至致命）的心律不整
|-
| 嚴重過敏反應：症狀包括蕁麻疹、呼吸困難、臉部、嘴唇、舌頭或喉嚨腫脹
|-
| 由於白血球數降低，感染增加
|-
| 自殺念頭：尤其是年輕患者或有憂鬱症病史的患者
|}

==藥物動力學==
*吸收
**快速吸收，服藥後約 1.5 小時出現血漿濃度峰值
*代謝
**主要透過 CYP3A4 在肝臟中廣泛代謝
*消除
**平均終末半衰期約 6 小時

藥物可能在 1至2 週內開始見效，通常在 4至6 週內達到完全效果。

==用藥須知==
'''懷孕

*謹慎使用；應考慮對胎兒的潛在風險

'''母乳餵哺

*不建議使用；喹硫平會分泌到人乳中

'''兒童及長者

*不適用於10歲以下兒童；老年患者慎用

'''喹硫平會幹擾身體調節溫度的能力。避免過熱和脫水，尤其是在運動期間或在炎熱的天氣

'''監測是否有惡化的憂鬱症或自殺念頭，尤其是年輕人和兒童

'''在未諮詢醫生的情況下，不要突然停止服用喹硫平。劑量需要慢慢減少

'''監測事項
* 體重、血糖、血脂、錐體外系症狀

'''藥物交互作用
* CYP3A4 抑制劑可能會增加喹硫平水平
* CYP3A4誘導劑可能會降低喹硫平水平
* 與延長QT的藥物併用時需謹慎

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
*通常每天一次或兩次，可以與食物一起服用或不與食物一起服用。

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*避免飲酒，並在了解喹硫平如何影響您之前，避免需要精神警覺的活動。
*避免吃葡萄柚或喝葡萄柚汁

'''如果漏服一劑怎麼辦？
*盡快服用錯過的劑量，但如果接近下一次劑量時間，則跳過錯過的劑量。不要雙倍服用。

銳思定

2024-07-09T06:55:52Z

Helen:

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''銳思定 ''' (English: [[Brexpiprazole]])

==常見劑量==
* 0.25 毫克
* 0.5 毫克
* 1 毫克
* 2 毫克
* 3 毫克
* 4 毫克

==藥物商品名稱==
*REXULTI

==藥物用途==
* 治療思覺失調症
* 作為輔助治療用於重度抑鬱症（MDD）
* 治療因阿爾茨海默病引起的的激動

==作用機制==
* 作為多巴胺 D2 和血清素 5-HT1A 受體的激動劑，並作為血清素 5-HT2A 受體的拮抗劑。它通過調節多巴胺和血清素的活性來改善思覺失調症和抑鬱症的症狀。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服

==劑量==
* 思覺失調症（成人）：初始劑量為每天 1 毫克，持續 1 至 4 天，第 5 至 7 天調整至每天 2 毫克，第 8 天調整至每天 4 毫克。目標劑量：每天 2 至4 毫克。最大劑量：每天 4 毫克。
* 抑鬱症（成人）：初始劑量為每天 0.5 毫克或 1 毫克，逐週調整至每天 2 毫克。最大劑量：每天 3 毫克。
* 兒童思覺失調症（13-17 歲）：初始劑量為每天 0.5 毫克，持續 1 至 4 天，第 5 至 7 天調整至每天 1 毫克，第 8 天調整至每天 2 毫克。最大劑量：每天 4 毫克。

輕度腎功能損害無需調整。

中度至重度腎功能不全的患者，布瑞哌唑劑量應減少至每天最多 3 mg。

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''常見
| 體重增加
|-
| 靜坐不能（坐立不安的感覺，持續的移動衝動）
|-
| 頭痛
|-
| 嗜睡/嗜睡
|-
| 頭暈
|-
| 噁心
|-
| 便秘
|-
| 消化不良/胃灼熱
|-
| 食慾增加
|-
| 疲勞/疲倦
|-
| 震顫
|-
| 鼻塞或流鼻水
|-
| rowspan="13" | '''不常見
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群（高燒、肌肉僵硬、精神錯亂）
|-
| 遲發性運動障礙（不受控制的肌肉運動）
|-
| 高血糖/糖尿病
|-
| 直立性低血壓（站立時頭暈）
|-
| 癲癇發作
|-
| 白血球低
|-
| 吞嚥困難
|-
| 自殺念頭或行為（尤其是年輕人）
|-
| 強迫行為（賭博、性衝動、暴飲暴食）
|-
| 認知障礙
|-
| 體溫調節受損
|-
| 患有失智症相關精神病的老年患者中風
|-
| 過敏反應（皮疹、搔癢、呼吸困難）
|}

==藥物動力學==
*吸收
**血漿濃度峰值在 4 小時內達到。
*代謝
**主要由 CYP3A4 和 CYP2D6 代謝。
*排泄
** 25% 經尿液排泄，46% 經糞便排泄。終末消除半衰期約為 91 小時。

初步效果：可能會在治療後 1 至 2 週內開始看到改善。

全面的治療效果：
* 對於精神分裂症和重度憂鬱症，通常在4 至6 週後可觀察到最佳效果；
* 對於與阿茲海默症引起的癡呆症相關的躁動，大約12週後可看到顯著效果。

==用藥須知==
'''老年患者的風險增加

* 由於中風和死亡的風險增加，不應用於治療老年人失智症相關的精神病
* 可能導致老年患者嗜睡、頭暈和吞嚥困難，增加跌倒和窒息的風險

'''年輕人的自殺念頭

* 可能會增產生自殺念頭的風險，尤其是在治療的前幾個月或劑量變化時
* 服用的兒童/青少年需要密切監測

'''有癲癇病史的患者應謹慎使用

'''吞嚥困難

*有吸入性肺炎風險的患者應謹慎使用。

'''監控事項
*氨磺必利可引起劑量和濃度依賴性QT延長，可導致嚴重的室性心律不整，如尖端扭轉型室性心動過速。

'''突然停藥
*不宜突然停藥，以免出現噁心、嘔吐、失眠等戒斷症狀及精神病症狀復發

'''監測事項
* 定期監測血糖值、體重和錐體外系症狀徵象。
* 監測心率和血壓，並警告心血管或腦血管疾病的患者有關脫水或暈厥的風險。

'''藥物交互作用
* 強效 CYP3A4 抑制劑和 CYP2D6 抑制劑可能會增加藥物水平
* 強效CYP3A4誘導劑可能會降藥物水平

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
*每天一次，與食物一起或空腹服用。

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*在了解藥物如何影響您之前，避免需要精神警覺的活動。

'''若錯過一劑該怎辦？
*盡快服用錯過的劑量，但如果接近下一次劑量時間，則跳過錯過的劑量。不要雙倍服用。

阿立哌唑

2024-07-09T06:55:28Z

Helen:

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''阿立哌唑 ''' (English: [[Aripiprazole]])

==常見劑量==
*2毫克、5毫克、10毫克、15毫克、30毫克片劑

==藥物商品名稱==
*Abilify

==藥物用途==
* 精神分裂症
* 雙極性障礙
* 重度抑鬱症（作為輔助治療）
* 妥瑞氏症
* 自閉症相關的易怒情緒

==作用機制==
阿立哌唑是多巴胺D2受體和血清素5-HT1A受體的激動劑，以及血清素5-HT2A受體的拮抗劑。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服片劑（包括口腔崩解片）
* 肌肉注射（長效製劑）

==劑量==
* 精神分裂症（成人）：起始劑量10-15毫克/天，目標劑量10-15毫克/天，最大劑量30毫克/天
* 雙極性障礙（成人）：起始劑量15毫克/天，最大劑量30毫克/天

不需要根據腎功能調整劑量，包括有嚴重腎功能不全或末期腎病變（ESRD）的患者。

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''常見
| 失眠：睡眠困難，通常會隨著時間而改善。
|-
| 焦慮和不安：通常會隨著持續使用而消退
|-
| 頭痛：常見，可透過休息和補水來緩解
|-
| 噁心和嘔吐：可以透過與食物一起服用藥物來緩解
|-
| 便秘：增加膳食纖維和水分的攝取有幫助
|-
| 頭暈：常發生在快速站立時；慢慢起身會有幫助
|-
| 體重變化：可能導致體重增加或減少；建議維持均衡飲食
|-
| 流涎增加：在兒童中較常見
|-
| 疲勞：覺得疲倦或精力不足
|-
| rowspan="7" | '''不常見
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群 (NMS)：症狀包括高燒、肌肉僵硬和精神狀態改變
|-
| 代謝變化：血糖、膽固醇和體重增加，可能導致糖尿病
|-
| 強迫行為：無法控制的賭博、飲食、購物或從事性行為的衝動
|-
| 直立性低血壓：站立時血壓突然下降，導致頭暈或昏厥
|-
| 癲癇發作：需要立即就醫
|-
| 嚴重過敏反應：症狀包括臉部、嘴唇、舌頭或喉嚨腫脹、呼吸困難
|-
| 自殺念頭：年輕人，尤其是 24 歲以下的年輕人的風險增加
|}

==藥物動力學==
*吸收
**口服後3至5小時內達到血中濃度峰值
*代謝
**在肝臟中廣泛代謝，主要透過 CYP3A4 和 CYP2D6 酶
*消除
**阿立哌唑的平均消除半衰期約為 75 小時

對於大多數患者來說，阿立哌唑在 1 至 2 週內起效，但完全治療效果可能需要數週至數月才能顯現。其半衰期長，作用時間長，可每天給藥一次，並在治療約兩週後達到穩態水平。

==用藥須知==
'''老年患者的風險增加
* 由於中風和死亡的風險增加，不應用於治療老年人失智症相關的精神病
* 可能導致老年患者嗜睡、頭暈和吞嚥困難，增加跌倒和窒息的風險

'''年輕人的自殺念頭
* 可能會增加 24 歲以下人群產生自殺念頭的風險，尤其是在治療的前幾個月或劑量變化時
* 服用阿立哌唑的兒童/青少年需要密切監測

'''監測事項
* 監測自殺想法和行為，尤其是年輕患者
* 可能導致血糖升高、膽固醇升高和體重增加
* 建議定期監測血糖、膽固醇和體重

'''藥物交互作用
* 強效 CYP3A4 抑制劑和 CYP2D6 抑制劑可能會增加阿立哌唑水平
* 強效CYP3A4誘導劑可能會降低阿立哌唑水平

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
* 標準片劑：用水吞服
* 口腔崩解片：放在舌頭上溶解，或溶於水中立即飲用

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*在了解藥物如何影響您之前，避免需要精神警覺的活動。

'''若錯過一劑該怎辦？
*如果您漏服一劑，請在想起來後立即服用。但是，如果快到下一次預定劑量的時間，請跳過錯過的劑量。不要服用雙倍劑量來彌補錯過的劑量。

氨磺必利

2024-07-09T06:51:07Z

Helen:

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''氨磺必利 ''' (English: [[Amisulpride]])

==常見劑量==
*100毫克、200毫克、400毫克片劑

==藥物商品名稱==
*Solian

==藥物用途==
治療精神分裂症

==作用機制==
氨磺必利是選擇性多巴胺D2和D3受體拮抗劑。低劑量時，它選擇性地結合於突觸前多巴胺受體；高劑量時，它優先結合於突觸後多巴胺受體。這解釋了它有效性的治療精神分裂症的陰性和陽性症狀。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服（片劑）

==劑量==
* 精神分裂症：每天口服400-800毫克，分兩次服用

對於嚴重腎功能不全（eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2）：不建議使用

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''常見
| 嗜睡/嗜睡
|-
| 體重增加
|-
| 頭暈
|-
| 食慾增加
|-
| 噁心和嘔吐
|-
| 便秘
|-
| 口乾
|-
| 模糊的視野
|-
| 失眠
|-
| 焦慮和煩躁
|-
| 性問題（例如性高潮困難）
|-
| 唾液分泌過多
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''不常見
| 不明原因的感染
|-
| 呼吸急促
|-
| 流汗
|-
| 高血糖（口渴、飢餓、排尿增加）
|-
| 乳房疼痛或產奶（女性）
|-
| 月經變化
|-
| 心律變化（QT 延長）
|-
| 鉀含量低
|-
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群（高燒、肌肉僵硬、精神狀態改變）
|}

==藥物動力學==
*起效時間
**口服後1至4小時；靜脈注射後立即。
*代謝
**氨磺必利的代謝極少。
*消除
** 氨磺必利主要經由尿液排出
** 消除半衰期約 12 小時
** 作用持續時間：約為12小時。

在開始服用抗精神病藥物後六週內，應該開始感覺好一點。

然而，患者可能需要幾個月的時間才能感受到全部藥效。

==用藥須知==
'''懷孕

*關於懷孕期間使用的資料不足以確定風險。

'''母乳餵哺

*哺乳期間禁用。

'''兒童及長者

*不建議18歲以下兒童使用

'''腎功能不全

*腎功能不全患者需調整劑量

'''QT延長
*氨磺必利可引起劑量和濃度依賴性QT延長，可導致嚴重的室性心律不整，如尖端扭轉型室性心動過速。

'''突然停藥
*不宜突然停藥，以免出現噁心、嘔吐、失眠等戒斷症狀及精神病症狀復發

'''監測事項
* 血糖監測，因為它可能導致血糖水平升高。
* 心電圖監測：建議監測心律不整、心臟傳導障礙、電解質失衡（例如低血鉀、低鎂血症）和充血性心臟衰竭的患者

'''藥物交互作用
* 多巴胺激動劑：與多巴胺激動劑（如左旋多巴）相互拮抗；應避免同時使用。
* 其他延長 QT 的藥物：避免與其他已知會延長 QT 的藥物同時服用。

'''禁忌症：
* 嗜鉻細胞瘤
* 催乳素依賴性腫瘤（例如催乳素瘤、乳癌）
* 運動障礙（如巴金森氏症、路易氏體失智症）

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
*用水吞服整個藥片。不要咀嚼、壓碎或打破藥片

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*氨磺必利可能會導致嗜睡、頭暈或視力模糊，尤其是當您剛開始服用時。在您知道藥物對您有何影響之前，請避免駕駛、操作機器或進行需要保持警覺的活動。
*在未諮詢醫生的情況下，不要突然停止服用氨磺必利。突然停藥可能會導致令人不快的副作用或症狀復發。
*小心不要過熱或脫水，因為氨磺必利會影響身體調節溫度的能力。

'''若錯過一劑該怎辦？
*如果您漏服一劑，請在想起來後立即服用。但是，如果快到下一次預定劑量的時間，請跳過錯過的劑量。不要服用雙倍劑量來彌補錯過的劑量。

喹硫平

2024-07-09T06:50:37Z

Helen: Created page with "Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 '''口服抗精神病藥物''' '''藥物類別：:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典..."

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''喹硫平''' (English: [[Quetiapine]])

==常見劑量==
*25毫克、50毫克、100毫克、200毫克、300毫克、400毫克片劑

==藥物商品名稱==
*Seroque
*Seroquel XR

==藥物用途==
* 治療精神分裂症
* 治療與雙極型障礙相關的躁狂發作
* 治療與雙極障礙相關的抑鬱發作
* 作為鋰鹽輔助療法，用於雙極型障礙的維持治療
* 重度抑鬱障礙的輔助治療

==作用機制==
喹硫平是腦內多種神經遞質受體的拮抗劑，包括血清素5-HT1A和5-HT2、多巴胺D1和D2、組胺H1以及腎上腺素α1和α2受體。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服

==劑量==
* 精神分裂症：每天150-750毫克
* 雙極性躁狂：每天400-800毫克
* 雙極性抑鬱：每天300-600毫克
* 重度抑鬱障礙（輔助治療）：每天150-300毫克

腎功能不全患者無須調整劑量。

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''常見
| 嗜睡/嗜睡
|-
| 體重增加
|-
| 頭暈
|-
| 食慾增加
|-
| 噁心和嘔吐
|-
| 便秘
|-
| 口乾
|-
| 模糊的視野
|-
| 失眠
|-
| 焦慮和煩躁
|-
| 性問題（例如性高潮困難）
|-
| 唾液分泌過多
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''不常見
| 不明原因的感染
|-
| 呼吸急促
|-
| 流汗
|-
| 高血糖（口渴、飢餓、排尿增加）
|-
| 乳房疼痛或產奶（女性）
|-
| 月經變化
|-
| 心律變化（QT 延長）
|-
| 鉀含量低
|-
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群（高燒、肌肉僵硬、精神狀態改變）
|}

==藥物動力學==
*起效時間
**口服後1至4小時；靜脈注射後立即。
*代謝
**氨磺必利的代謝極少。
*消除
** 氨磺必利主要經由尿液排出
** 消除半衰期約 12 小時
** 作用持續時間：約為12小時。

在開始服用抗精神病藥物後六週內，應該開始感覺好一點。

然而，患者可能需要幾個月的時間才能感受到全部藥效。

==用藥須知==
'''懷孕

*關於懷孕期間使用的資料不足以確定風險。

'''母乳餵哺

*哺乳期間禁用。

'''兒童及長者

*不建議18歲以下兒童使用

'''腎功能不全

*腎功能不全患者需調整劑量

'''QT延長
*氨磺必利可引起劑量和濃度依賴性QT延長，可導致嚴重的室性心律不整，如尖端扭轉型室性心動過速。

'''突然停藥
*不宜突然停藥，以免出現噁心、嘔吐、失眠等戒斷症狀及精神病症狀復發

'''監測事項
* 血糖監測，因為它可能導致血糖水平升高。
* 心電圖監測：建議監測心律不整、心臟傳導障礙、電解質失衡（例如低血鉀、低鎂血症）和充血性心臟衰竭的患者

'''藥物交互作用
* 多巴胺激動劑：與多巴胺激動劑（如左旋多巴）相互拮抗；應避免同時使用。
* 其他延長 QT 的藥物：避免與其他已知會延長 QT 的藥物同時服用。

'''禁忌症：
* 嗜鉻細胞瘤
* 催乳素依賴性腫瘤（例如催乳素瘤、乳癌）
* 運動障礙（如巴金森氏症、路易氏體失智症）

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
*用水吞服整個藥片。不要咀嚼、壓碎或打破藥片

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*氨磺必利可能會導致嗜睡、頭暈或視力模糊，尤其是當您剛開始服用時。在您知道藥物對您有何影響之前，請避免駕駛、操作機器或進行需要保持警覺的活動。
*在未諮詢醫生的情況下，不要突然停止服用氨磺必利。突然停藥可能會導致令人不快的副作用或症狀復發。
*小心不要過熱或脫水，因為氨磺必利會影響身體調節溫度的能力。

'''若錯過一劑該怎辦？
*如果您漏服一劑，請在想起來後立即服用。但是，如果快到下一次預定劑量的時間，請跳過錯過的劑量。不

Category:Atypical antipsychotic

2024-07-09T06:46:51Z

Helen:

[[Category: Antipsychotic Drug]]

'''Atypical antipsychotic'''（中文：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 ]]）

Category:Atypical antipsychotic

2024-07-09T06:46:41Z

Helen:

[[Category: Antipsychotic Drug]]

'''Atypical antipsychotic'''（中文：[[:Category: |非典型抗精神病藥物 ]]）

銳思定

2024-07-09T06:46:07Z

Helen: /* 副作用 */

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''銳思定 ''' (English: [[Brexpiprazole]])

==常見劑量==
* 0.25 毫克
* 0.5 毫克
* 1 毫克
* 2 毫克
* 3 毫克
* 4 毫克

==藥物商品名稱==
*REXULTI

==藥物用途==
* 治療思覺失調症
* 作為輔助治療用於重度抑鬱症（MDD）
* 治療因阿爾茨海默病引起的的激動

==作用機制==
* 作為多巴胺 D2 和血清素 5-HT1A 受體的激動劑，並作為血清素 5-HT2A 受體的拮抗劑。它通過調節多巴胺和血清素的活性來改善思覺失調症和抑鬱症的症狀。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服

* 劑量：
** 思覺失調症（成人）：初始劑量為每天 1 毫克，持續 1 至 4 天，第 5 至 7 天調整至每天 2 毫克，第 8 天調整至每天 4 毫克。目標劑量：每天 2 至4 毫克。最大劑量：每天 4 毫克。
** 抑鬱症（成人）：初始劑量為每天 0.5 毫克或 1 毫克，逐週調整至每天 2 毫克。最大劑量：每天 3 毫克。
** 兒童思覺失調症（13-17 歲）：初始劑量為每天 0.5 毫克，持續 1 至 4 天，第 5 至 7 天調整至每天 1 毫克，第 8 天調整至每天 2 毫克。最大劑量：每天 4 毫克。

輕度腎功能損害無需調整。

中度至重度腎功能不全的患者，布瑞哌唑劑量應減少至每天最多 3 mg。

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''常見
| 體重增加
|-
| 靜坐不能（坐立不安的感覺，持續的移動衝動）
|-
| 頭痛
|-
| 嗜睡/嗜睡
|-
| 頭暈
|-
| 噁心
|-
| 便秘
|-
| 消化不良/胃灼熱
|-
| 食慾增加
|-
| 疲勞/疲倦
|-
| 震顫
|-
| 鼻塞或流鼻水
|-
| rowspan="13" | '''不常見
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群（高燒、肌肉僵硬、精神錯亂）
|-
| 遲發性運動障礙（不受控制的肌肉運動）
|-
| 高血糖/糖尿病
|-
| 直立性低血壓（站立時頭暈）
|-
| 癲癇發作
|-
| 白血球低
|-
| 吞嚥困難
|-
| 自殺念頭或行為（尤其是年輕人）
|-
| 強迫行為（賭博、性衝動、暴飲暴食）
|-
| 認知障礙
|-
| 體溫調節受損
|-
| 患有失智症相關精神病的老年患者中風
|-
| 過敏反應（皮疹、搔癢、呼吸困難）
|}

==藥物動力學==
*吸收
**血漿濃度峰值在 4 小時內達到。
*代謝
**主要由 CYP3A4 和 CYP2D6 代謝。
*排泄
** 25% 經尿液排泄，46% 經糞便排泄。終末消除半衰期約為 91 小時。

初步效果：可能會在治療後 1 至 2 週內開始看到改善。

全面的治療效果：
* 對於精神分裂症和重度憂鬱症，通常在4 至6 週後可觀察到最佳效果；
* 對於與阿茲海默症引起的癡呆症相關的躁動，大約12週後可看到顯著效果。

==用藥須知==
'''老年患者的風險增加

* 由於中風和死亡的風險增加，不應用於治療老年人失智症相關的精神病
* 可能導致老年患者嗜睡、頭暈和吞嚥困難，增加跌倒和窒息的風險

'''年輕人的自殺念頭

* 可能會增產生自殺念頭的風險，尤其是在治療的前幾個月或劑量變化時
* 服用的兒童/青少年需要密切監測

'''有癲癇病史的患者應謹慎使用

'''吞嚥困難

*有吸入性肺炎風險的患者應謹慎使用。

'''監控事項
*氨磺必利可引起劑量和濃度依賴性QT延長，可導致嚴重的室性心律不整，如尖端扭轉型室性心動過速。

'''突然停藥
*不宜突然停藥，以免出現噁心、嘔吐、失眠等戒斷症狀及精神病症狀復發

'''監測事項
* 定期監測血糖值、體重和錐體外系症狀徵象。
* 監測心率和血壓，並警告心血管或腦血管疾病的患者有關脫水或暈厥的風險。

'''藥物交互作用
* 強效 CYP3A4 抑制劑和 CYP2D6 抑制劑可能會增加藥物水平
* 強效CYP3A4誘導劑可能會降藥物水平

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
*每天一次，與食物一起或空腹服用。

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*在了解藥物如何影響您之前，避免需要精神警覺的活動。

'''若錯過一劑該怎辦？
*盡快服用錯過的劑量，但如果接近下一次劑量時間，則跳過錯過的劑量。不要雙倍服用。

阿立哌唑

2024-07-09T06:45:06Z

Helen: /* 給藥途徑 */

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''阿立哌唑 ''' (English: [[Aripiprazole]])

==常見劑量==
*2毫克、5毫克、10毫克、15毫克、30毫克片劑

==藥物商品名稱==
*Abilify

==藥物用途==
* 精神分裂症
* 雙極性障礙
* 重度抑鬱症（作為輔助治療）
* 妥瑞氏症
* 自閉症相關的易怒情緒

==作用機制==
阿立哌唑是多巴胺D2受體和血清素5-HT1A受體的激動劑，以及血清素5-HT2A受體的拮抗劑。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服片劑（包括口腔崩解片）
* 肌肉注射（長效製劑）

* 劑量：
** 精神分裂症（成人）：起始劑量10-15毫克/天，目標劑量10-15毫克/天，最大劑量30毫克/天
** 雙極性障礙（成人）：起始劑量15毫克/天，最大劑量30毫克/天

不需要根據腎功能調整劑量，包括有嚴重腎功能不全或末期腎病變（ESRD）的患者。

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''常見
| 失眠：睡眠困難，通常會隨著時間而改善。
|-
| 焦慮和不安：通常會隨著持續使用而消退
|-
| 頭痛：常見，可透過休息和補水來緩解
|-
| 噁心和嘔吐：可以透過與食物一起服用藥物來緩解
|-
| 便秘：增加膳食纖維和水分的攝取有幫助
|-
| 頭暈：常發生在快速站立時；慢慢起身會有幫助
|-
| 體重變化：可能導致體重增加或減少；建議維持均衡飲食
|-
| 流涎增加：在兒童中較常見
|-
| 疲勞：覺得疲倦或精力不足
|-
| rowspan="7" | '''不常見
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群 (NMS)：症狀包括高燒、肌肉僵硬和精神狀態改變
|-
| 代謝變化：血糖、膽固醇和體重增加，可能導致糖尿病
|-
| 強迫行為：無法控制的賭博、飲食、購物或從事性行為的衝動
|-
| 直立性低血壓：站立時血壓突然下降，導致頭暈或昏厥
|-
| 癲癇發作：需要立即就醫
|-
| 嚴重過敏反應：症狀包括臉部、嘴唇、舌頭或喉嚨腫脹、呼吸困難
|-
| 自殺念頭：年輕人，尤其是 24 歲以下的年輕人的風險增加
|}

==藥物動力學==
*吸收
**口服後3至5小時內達到血中濃度峰值
*代謝
**在肝臟中廣泛代謝，主要透過 CYP3A4 和 CYP2D6 酶
*消除
**阿立哌唑的平均消除半衰期約為 75 小時

對於大多數患者來說，阿立哌唑在 1 至 2 週內起效，但完全治療效果可能需要數週至數月才能顯現。其半衰期長，作用時間長，可每天給藥一次，並在治療約兩週後達到穩態水平。

==用藥須知==
'''老年患者的風險增加
* 由於中風和死亡的風險增加，不應用於治療老年人失智症相關的精神病
* 可能導致老年患者嗜睡、頭暈和吞嚥困難，增加跌倒和窒息的風險

'''年輕人的自殺念頭
* 可能會增加 24 歲以下人群產生自殺念頭的風險，尤其是在治療的前幾個月或劑量變化時
* 服用阿立哌唑的兒童/青少年需要密切監測

'''監測事項
* 監測自殺想法和行為，尤其是年輕患者
* 可能導致血糖升高、膽固醇升高和體重增加
* 建議定期監測血糖、膽固醇和體重

'''藥物交互作用
* 強效 CYP3A4 抑制劑和 CYP2D6 抑制劑可能會增加阿立哌唑水平
* 強效CYP3A4誘導劑可能會降低阿立哌唑水平

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
* 標準片劑：用水吞服
* 口腔崩解片：放在舌頭上溶解，或溶於水中立即飲用

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*在了解藥物如何影響您之前，避免需要精神警覺的活動。

'''若錯過一劑該怎辦？
*如果您漏服一劑，請在想起來後立即服用。但是，如果快到下一次預定劑量的時間，請跳過錯過的劑量。不要服用雙倍劑量來彌補錯過的劑量。

氨磺必利

2024-07-09T06:44:41Z

Helen: /* 給藥途徑 */

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''氨磺必利 ''' (English: [[Amisulpride]])

==常見劑量==
*100毫克、200毫克、400毫克片劑

==藥物商品名稱==
*Solian

==藥物用途==
治療精神分裂症

==作用機制==
氨磺必利是選擇性多巴胺D2和D3受體拮抗劑。低劑量時，它選擇性地結合於突觸前多巴胺受體；高劑量時，它優先結合於突觸後多巴胺受體。這解釋了它有效性的治療精神分裂症的陰性和陽性症狀。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服（片劑）

* 劑量：
** 精神分裂症：每天口服400-800毫克，分兩次服用
對於嚴重腎功能不全（eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2）：不建議使用

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''常見
| 嗜睡/嗜睡
|-
| 體重增加
|-
| 頭暈
|-
| 食慾增加
|-
| 噁心和嘔吐
|-
| 便秘
|-
| 口乾
|-
| 模糊的視野
|-
| 失眠
|-
| 焦慮和煩躁
|-
| 性問題（例如性高潮困難）
|-
| 唾液分泌過多
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''不常見
| 不明原因的感染
|-
| 呼吸急促
|-
| 流汗
|-
| 高血糖（口渴、飢餓、排尿增加）
|-
| 乳房疼痛或產奶（女性）
|-
| 月經變化
|-
| 心律變化（QT 延長）
|-
| 鉀含量低
|-
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群（高燒、肌肉僵硬、精神狀態改變）
|}

==藥物動力學==
*起效時間
**口服後1至4小時；靜脈注射後立即。
*代謝
**氨磺必利的代謝極少。
*消除
** 氨磺必利主要經由尿液排出
** 消除半衰期約 12 小時
** 作用持續時間：約為12小時。

在開始服用抗精神病藥物後六週內，應該開始感覺好一點。

然而，患者可能需要幾個月的時間才能感受到全部藥效。

==用藥須知==
'''懷孕

*關於懷孕期間使用的資料不足以確定風險。

'''母乳餵哺

*哺乳期間禁用。

'''兒童及長者

*不建議18歲以下兒童使用

'''腎功能不全

*腎功能不全患者需調整劑量

'''QT延長
*氨磺必利可引起劑量和濃度依賴性QT延長，可導致嚴重的室性心律不整，如尖端扭轉型室性心動過速。

'''突然停藥
*不宜突然停藥，以免出現噁心、嘔吐、失眠等戒斷症狀及精神病症狀復發

'''監測事項
* 血糖監測，因為它可能導致血糖水平升高。
* 心電圖監測：建議監測心律不整、心臟傳導障礙、電解質失衡（例如低血鉀、低鎂血症）和充血性心臟衰竭的患者

'''藥物交互作用
* 多巴胺激動劑：與多巴胺激動劑（如左旋多巴）相互拮抗；應避免同時使用。
* 其他延長 QT 的藥物：避免與其他已知會延長 QT 的藥物同時服用。

'''禁忌症：
* 嗜鉻細胞瘤
* 催乳素依賴性腫瘤（例如催乳素瘤、乳癌）
* 運動障礙（如巴金森氏症、路易氏體失智症）

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
*用水吞服整個藥片。不要咀嚼、壓碎或打破藥片

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*氨磺必利可能會導致嗜睡、頭暈或視力模糊，尤其是當您剛開始服用時。在您知道藥物對您有何影響之前，請避免駕駛、操作機器或進行需要保持警覺的活動。
*在未諮詢醫生的情況下，不要突然停止服用氨磺必利。突然停藥可能會導致令人不快的副作用或症狀復發。
*小心不要過熱或脫水，因為氨磺必利會影響身體調節溫度的能力。

'''若錯過一劑該怎辦？
*如果您漏服一劑，請在想起來後立即服用。但是，如果快到下一次預定劑量的時間，請跳過錯過的劑量。不要服用雙倍劑量來彌補錯過的劑量。

銳思定

2024-07-09T06:43:55Z

Helen: /* 給藥途徑 */

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''銳思定 ''' (English: [[Brexpiprazole]])

==常見劑量==
* 0.25 毫克
* 0.5 毫克
* 1 毫克
* 2 毫克
* 3 毫克
* 4 毫克

==藥物商品名稱==
*REXULTI

==藥物用途==
* 治療思覺失調症
* 作為輔助治療用於重度抑鬱症（MDD）
* 治療因阿爾茨海默病引起的的激動

==作用機制==
* 作為多巴胺 D2 和血清素 5-HT1A 受體的激動劑，並作為血清素 5-HT2A 受體的拮抗劑。它通過調節多巴胺和血清素的活性來改善思覺失調症和抑鬱症的症狀。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服

* 劑量：
** 思覺失調症（成人）：初始劑量為每天 1 毫克，持續 1 至 4 天，第 5 至 7 天調整至每天 2 毫克，第 8 天調整至每天 4 毫克。目標劑量：每天 2 至4 毫克。最大劑量：每天 4 毫克。
** 抑鬱症（成人）：初始劑量為每天 0.5 毫克或 1 毫克，逐週調整至每天 2 毫克。最大劑量：每天 3 毫克。
** 兒童思覺失調症（13-17 歲）：初始劑量為每天 0.5 毫克，持續 1 至 4 天，第 5 至 7 天調整至每天 1 毫克，第 8 天調整至每天 2 毫克。最大劑量：每天 4 毫克。

輕度腎功能損害無需調整。

中度至重度腎功能不全的患者，布瑞哌唑劑量應減少至每天最多 3 mg。

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''常見
| 體重增加
|-
| 靜坐不能（坐立不安的感覺，持續的移動衝動）
|-
| 頭痛
|-
| 嗜睡/嗜睡
|-
| 頭暈
|-
| 噁心
|-
| 便秘
|-
| 消化不良/胃灼熱
|-
| 食慾增加
|-
| 疲勞/疲倦
|-
| 震顫
|-
| 鼻塞或流鼻水
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''不常見
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群（高燒、肌肉僵硬、精神錯亂）
|-
| 遲發性運動障礙（不受控制的肌肉運動）
|-
| 高血糖/糖尿病
|-
| 直立性低血壓（站立時頭暈）
|-
| 癲癇發作
|-
| 白血球低
|-
| 吞嚥困難
|-
| 自殺念頭或行為（尤其是年輕人）
|-
| 強迫行為（賭博、性衝動、暴飲暴食）
|-
| 認知障礙
|-
| 體溫調節受損
|-
| 患有失智症相關精神病的老年患者中風
|-
| 過敏反應（皮疹、搔癢、呼吸困難）
|}

==藥物動力學==
*吸收
**血漿濃度峰值在 4 小時內達到。
*代謝
**主要由 CYP3A4 和 CYP2D6 代謝。
*排泄
** 25% 經尿液排泄，46% 經糞便排泄。終末消除半衰期約為 91 小時。

初步效果：可能會在治療後 1 至 2 週內開始看到改善。

全面的治療效果：
* 對於精神分裂症和重度憂鬱症，通常在4 至6 週後可觀察到最佳效果；
* 對於與阿茲海默症引起的癡呆症相關的躁動，大約12週後可看到顯著效果。

==用藥須知==
'''老年患者的風險增加

* 由於中風和死亡的風險增加，不應用於治療老年人失智症相關的精神病
* 可能導致老年患者嗜睡、頭暈和吞嚥困難，增加跌倒和窒息的風險

'''年輕人的自殺念頭

* 可能會增產生自殺念頭的風險，尤其是在治療的前幾個月或劑量變化時
* 服用的兒童/青少年需要密切監測

'''有癲癇病史的患者應謹慎使用

'''吞嚥困難

*有吸入性肺炎風險的患者應謹慎使用。

'''監控事項
*氨磺必利可引起劑量和濃度依賴性QT延長，可導致嚴重的室性心律不整，如尖端扭轉型室性心動過速。

'''突然停藥
*不宜突然停藥，以免出現噁心、嘔吐、失眠等戒斷症狀及精神病症狀復發

'''監測事項
* 定期監測血糖值、體重和錐體外系症狀徵象。
* 監測心率和血壓，並警告心血管或腦血管疾病的患者有關脫水或暈厥的風險。

'''藥物交互作用
* 強效 CYP3A4 抑制劑和 CYP2D6 抑制劑可能會增加藥物水平
* 強效CYP3A4誘導劑可能會降藥物水平

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
*每天一次，與食物一起或空腹服用。

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*在了解藥物如何影響您之前，避免需要精神警覺的活動。

'''若錯過一劑該怎辦？
*盡快服用錯過的劑量，但如果接近下一次劑量時間，則跳過錯過的劑量。不要雙倍服用。

銳思定

2024-07-09T06:43:07Z

Helen: Created page with "Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 '''口服抗精神病藥物''' '''藥物類別：:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典..."

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''銳思定 ''' (English: [[Brexpiprazole]])

==常見劑量==
* 0.25 毫克
* 0.5 毫克
* 1 毫克
* 2 毫克
* 3 毫克
* 4 毫克

==藥物商品名稱==
*REXULTI

==藥物用途==
* 治療思覺失調症
* 作為輔助治療用於重度抑鬱症（MDD）
* 治療因阿爾茨海默病引起的的激動

==作用機制==
* 作為多巴胺 D2 和血清素 5-HT1A 受體的激動劑，並作為血清素 5-HT2A 受體的拮抗劑。它通過調節多巴胺和血清素的活性來改善思覺失調症和抑鬱症的症狀。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服

6. 劑量：
* 思覺失調症（成人）：初始劑量為每天 1 毫克，持續 1 至 4 天，第 5 至 7 天調整至每天 2 毫克，第 8 天調整至每天 4 毫克。目標劑量：每天 2 至4 毫克。最大劑量：每天 4 毫克。
* 抑鬱症（成人）：初始劑量為每天 0.5 毫克或 1 毫克，逐週調整至每天 2 毫克。最大劑量：每天 3 毫克。
* 兒童思覺失調症（13-17 歲）：初始劑量為每天 0.5 毫克，持續 1 至 4 天，第 5 至 7 天調整至每天 1 毫克，第 8 天調整至每天 2 毫克。最大劑量：每天 4 毫克。

輕度腎功能損害無需調整。

中度至重度腎功能不全的患者，布瑞哌唑劑量應減少至每天最多 3 mg。

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''常見
| 體重增加
|-
| 靜坐不能（坐立不安的感覺，持續的移動衝動）
|-
| 頭痛
|-
| 嗜睡/嗜睡
|-
| 頭暈
|-
| 噁心
|-
| 便秘
|-
| 消化不良/胃灼熱
|-
| 食慾增加
|-
| 疲勞/疲倦
|-
| 震顫
|-
| 鼻塞或流鼻水
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''不常見
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群（高燒、肌肉僵硬、精神錯亂）
|-
| 遲發性運動障礙（不受控制的肌肉運動）
|-
| 高血糖/糖尿病
|-
| 直立性低血壓（站立時頭暈）
|-
| 癲癇發作
|-
| 白血球低
|-
| 吞嚥困難
|-
| 自殺念頭或行為（尤其是年輕人）
|-
| 強迫行為（賭博、性衝動、暴飲暴食）
|-
| 認知障礙
|-
| 體溫調節受損
|-
| 患有失智症相關精神病的老年患者中風
|-
| 過敏反應（皮疹、搔癢、呼吸困難）
|}

==藥物動力學==
*吸收
**血漿濃度峰值在 4 小時內達到。
*代謝
**主要由 CYP3A4 和 CYP2D6 代謝。
*排泄
** 25% 經尿液排泄，46% 經糞便排泄。終末消除半衰期約為 91 小時。

初步效果：可能會在治療後 1 至 2 週內開始看到改善。

全面的治療效果：
* 對於精神分裂症和重度憂鬱症，通常在4 至6 週後可觀察到最佳效果；
* 對於與阿茲海默症引起的癡呆症相關的躁動，大約12週後可看到顯著效果。

==用藥須知==
'''老年患者的風險增加

* 由於中風和死亡的風險增加，不應用於治療老年人失智症相關的精神病
* 可能導致老年患者嗜睡、頭暈和吞嚥困難，增加跌倒和窒息的風險

'''年輕人的自殺念頭

* 可能會增產生自殺念頭的風險，尤其是在治療的前幾個月或劑量變化時
* 服用的兒童/青少年需要密切監測

'''有癲癇病史的患者應謹慎使用

'''吞嚥困難

*有吸入性肺炎風險的患者應謹慎使用。

'''監控事項
*氨磺必利可引起劑量和濃度依賴性QT延長，可導致嚴重的室性心律不整，如尖端扭轉型室性心動過速。

'''突然停藥
*不宜突然停藥，以免出現噁心、嘔吐、失眠等戒斷症狀及精神病症狀復發

'''監測事項
* 定期監測血糖值、體重和錐體外系症狀徵象。
* 監測心率和血壓，並警告心血管或腦血管疾病的患者有關脫水或暈厥的風險。

'''藥物交互作用
* 強效 CYP3A4 抑制劑和 CYP2D6 抑制劑可能會增加藥物水平
* 強效CYP3A4誘導劑可能會降藥物水平

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
*每天一次，與食物一起或空腹服用。

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*在了解藥物如何影響您之前，避免需要精神警覺的活動。

'''若錯過一劑該怎辦？
*盡快服用錯過的劑量，但如果接近下一次劑量時間，則跳過錯過的劑量。不要雙倍服用。

阿立哌唑

2024-07-09T05:50:19Z

Helen: /* 藥物動力學 */

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''阿立哌唑 ''' (English: [[Aripiprazole]])

==常見劑量==
*2毫克、5毫克、10毫克、15毫克、30毫克片劑

==藥物商品名稱==
*Abilify

==藥物用途==
* 精神分裂症
* 雙極性障礙
* 重度抑鬱症（作為輔助治療）
* 妥瑞氏症
* 自閉症相關的易怒情緒

==作用機制==
阿立哌唑是多巴胺D2受體和血清素5-HT1A受體的激動劑，以及血清素5-HT2A受體的拮抗劑。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服片劑（包括口腔崩解片）
* 肌肉注射（長效製劑）

6. 劑量：
* 精神分裂症（成人）：起始劑量10-15毫克/天，目標劑量10-15毫克/天，最大劑量30毫克/天
* 雙極性障礙（成人）：起始劑量15毫克/天，最大劑量30毫克/天

不需要根據腎功能調整劑量，包括有嚴重腎功能不全或末期腎病變（ESRD）的患者。

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''常見
| 失眠：睡眠困難，通常會隨著時間而改善。
|-
| 焦慮和不安：通常會隨著持續使用而消退
|-
| 頭痛：常見，可透過休息和補水來緩解
|-
| 噁心和嘔吐：可以透過與食物一起服用藥物來緩解
|-
| 便秘：增加膳食纖維和水分的攝取有幫助
|-
| 頭暈：常發生在快速站立時；慢慢起身會有幫助
|-
| 體重變化：可能導致體重增加或減少；建議維持均衡飲食
|-
| 流涎增加：在兒童中較常見
|-
| 疲勞：覺得疲倦或精力不足
|-
| rowspan="7" | '''不常見
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群 (NMS)：症狀包括高燒、肌肉僵硬和精神狀態改變
|-
| 代謝變化：血糖、膽固醇和體重增加，可能導致糖尿病
|-
| 強迫行為：無法控制的賭博、飲食、購物或從事性行為的衝動
|-
| 直立性低血壓：站立時血壓突然下降，導致頭暈或昏厥
|-
| 癲癇發作：需要立即就醫
|-
| 嚴重過敏反應：症狀包括臉部、嘴唇、舌頭或喉嚨腫脹、呼吸困難
|-
| 自殺念頭：年輕人，尤其是 24 歲以下的年輕人的風險增加
|}

==藥物動力學==
*吸收
**口服後3至5小時內達到血中濃度峰值
*代謝
**在肝臟中廣泛代謝，主要透過 CYP3A4 和 CYP2D6 酶
*消除
**阿立哌唑的平均消除半衰期約為 75 小時

對於大多數患者來說，阿立哌唑在 1 至 2 週內起效，但完全治療效果可能需要數週至數月才能顯現。其半衰期長，作用時間長，可每天給藥一次，並在治療約兩週後達到穩態水平。

==用藥須知==
'''老年患者的風險增加
* 由於中風和死亡的風險增加，不應用於治療老年人失智症相關的精神病
* 可能導致老年患者嗜睡、頭暈和吞嚥困難，增加跌倒和窒息的風險

'''年輕人的自殺念頭
* 可能會增加 24 歲以下人群產生自殺念頭的風險，尤其是在治療的前幾個月或劑量變化時
* 服用阿立哌唑的兒童/青少年需要密切監測

'''監測事項
* 監測自殺想法和行為，尤其是年輕患者
* 可能導致血糖升高、膽固醇升高和體重增加
* 建議定期監測血糖、膽固醇和體重

'''藥物交互作用
* 強效 CYP3A4 抑制劑和 CYP2D6 抑制劑可能會增加阿立哌唑水平
* 強效CYP3A4誘導劑可能會降低阿立哌唑水平

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
* 標準片劑：用水吞服
* 口腔崩解片：放在舌頭上溶解，或溶於水中立即飲用

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*在了解藥物如何影響您之前，避免需要精神警覺的活動。

'''若錯過一劑該怎辦？
*如果您漏服一劑，請在想起來後立即服用。但是，如果快到下一次預定劑量的時間，請跳過錯過的劑量。不要服用雙倍劑量來彌補錯過的劑量。

阿立哌唑

2024-07-09T05:49:57Z

Helen:

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''阿立哌唑 ''' (English: [[Aripiprazole]])

==常見劑量==
*2毫克、5毫克、10毫克、15毫克、30毫克片劑

==藥物商品名稱==
*Abilify

==藥物用途==
* 精神分裂症
* 雙極性障礙
* 重度抑鬱症（作為輔助治療）
* 妥瑞氏症
* 自閉症相關的易怒情緒

==作用機制==
阿立哌唑是多巴胺D2受體和血清素5-HT1A受體的激動劑，以及血清素5-HT2A受體的拮抗劑。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服片劑（包括口腔崩解片）
* 肌肉注射（長效製劑）

6. 劑量：
* 精神分裂症（成人）：起始劑量10-15毫克/天，目標劑量10-15毫克/天，最大劑量30毫克/天
* 雙極性障礙（成人）：起始劑量15毫克/天，最大劑量30毫克/天

不需要根據腎功能調整劑量，包括有嚴重腎功能不全或末期腎病變（ESRD）的患者。

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''常見
| 失眠：睡眠困難，通常會隨著時間而改善。
|-
| 焦慮和不安：通常會隨著持續使用而消退
|-
| 頭痛：常見，可透過休息和補水來緩解
|-
| 噁心和嘔吐：可以透過與食物一起服用藥物來緩解
|-
| 便秘：增加膳食纖維和水分的攝取有幫助
|-
| 頭暈：常發生在快速站立時；慢慢起身會有幫助
|-
| 體重變化：可能導致體重增加或減少；建議維持均衡飲食
|-
| 流涎增加：在兒童中較常見
|-
| 疲勞：覺得疲倦或精力不足
|-
| rowspan="7" | '''不常見
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群 (NMS)：症狀包括高燒、肌肉僵硬和精神狀態改變
|-
| 代謝變化：血糖、膽固醇和體重增加，可能導致糖尿病
|-
| 強迫行為：無法控制的賭博、飲食、購物或從事性行為的衝動
|-
| 直立性低血壓：站立時血壓突然下降，導致頭暈或昏厥
|-
| 癲癇發作：需要立即就醫
|-
| 嚴重過敏反應：症狀包括臉部、嘴唇、舌頭或喉嚨腫脹、呼吸困難
|-
| 自殺念頭：年輕人，尤其是 24 歲以下的年輕人的風險增加
|}

==藥物動力學==
*吸收
**口服後3至5小時內達到血中濃度峰值
*代謝
**在肝臟中廣泛代謝，主要透過 CYP3A4 和 CYP2D6 酶
*消除
*阿立哌唑的平均消除半衰期約為 75 小時

對於大多數患者來說，阿立哌唑在 1 至 2 週內起效，但完全治療效果可能需要數週至數月才能顯現。其半衰期長，作用時間長，可每天給藥一次，並在治療約兩週後達到穩態水平。

==用藥須知==
'''老年患者的風險增加
* 由於中風和死亡的風險增加，不應用於治療老年人失智症相關的精神病
* 可能導致老年患者嗜睡、頭暈和吞嚥困難，增加跌倒和窒息的風險

'''年輕人的自殺念頭
* 可能會增加 24 歲以下人群產生自殺念頭的風險，尤其是在治療的前幾個月或劑量變化時
* 服用阿立哌唑的兒童/青少年需要密切監測

'''監測事項
* 監測自殺想法和行為，尤其是年輕患者
* 可能導致血糖升高、膽固醇升高和體重增加
* 建議定期監測血糖、膽固醇和體重

'''藥物交互作用
* 強效 CYP3A4 抑制劑和 CYP2D6 抑制劑可能會增加阿立哌唑水平
* 強效CYP3A4誘導劑可能會降低阿立哌唑水平

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
* 標準片劑：用水吞服
* 口腔崩解片：放在舌頭上溶解，或溶於水中立即飲用

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*在了解藥物如何影響您之前，避免需要精神警覺的活動。

'''若錯過一劑該怎辦？
*如果您漏服一劑，請在想起來後立即服用。但是，如果快到下一次預定劑量的時間，請跳過錯過的劑量。不要服用雙倍劑量來彌補錯過的劑量。

氨磺必利

2024-07-09T02:56:15Z

Helen: /* 用藥須知 */

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''氨磺必利 ''' (English: [[Amisulpride]])

==常見劑量==
*100毫克、200毫克、400毫克片劑

==藥物商品名稱==
*Solian

==藥物用途==
治療精神分裂症

==作用機制==
氨磺必利是選擇性多巴胺D2和D3受體拮抗劑。低劑量時，它選擇性地結合於突觸前多巴胺受體；高劑量時，它優先結合於突觸後多巴胺受體。這解釋了它有效性的治療精神分裂症的陰性和陽性症狀。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服（片劑）

6. 劑量：
* 精神分裂症：每天口服400-800毫克，分兩次服用
對於嚴重腎功能不全（eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2）：不建議使用

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''常見
| 嗜睡/嗜睡
|-
| 體重增加
|-
| 頭暈
|-
| 食慾增加
|-
| 噁心和嘔吐
|-
| 便秘
|-
| 口乾
|-
| 模糊的視野
|-
| 失眠
|-
| 焦慮和煩躁
|-
| 性問題（例如性高潮困難）
|-
| 唾液分泌過多
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''不常見
| 不明原因的感染
|-
| 呼吸急促
|-
| 流汗
|-
| 高血糖（口渴、飢餓、排尿增加）
|-
| 乳房疼痛或產奶（女性）
|-
| 月經變化
|-
| 心律變化（QT 延長）
|-
| 鉀含量低
|-
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群（高燒、肌肉僵硬、精神狀態改變）
|}

==藥物動力學==
*起效時間
**口服後1至4小時；靜脈注射後立即。
*代謝
**氨磺必利的代謝極少。
*消除
** 氨磺必利主要經由尿液排出
** 消除半衰期約 12 小時
** 作用持續時間：約為12小時。

在開始服用抗精神病藥物後六週內，應該開始感覺好一點。

然而，患者可能需要幾個月的時間才能感受到全部藥效。

==用藥須知==
'''懷孕

*關於懷孕期間使用的資料不足以確定風險。

'''母乳餵哺

*哺乳期間禁用。

'''兒童及長者

*不建議18歲以下兒童使用

'''腎功能不全

*腎功能不全患者需調整劑量

'''QT延長
*氨磺必利可引起劑量和濃度依賴性QT延長，可導致嚴重的室性心律不整，如尖端扭轉型室性心動過速。

'''突然停藥
*不宜突然停藥，以免出現噁心、嘔吐、失眠等戒斷症狀及精神病症狀復發

'''監測事項
* 血糖監測，因為它可能導致血糖水平升高。
* 心電圖監測：建議監測心律不整、心臟傳導障礙、電解質失衡（例如低血鉀、低鎂血症）和充血性心臟衰竭的患者

'''藥物交互作用
* 多巴胺激動劑：與多巴胺激動劑（如左旋多巴）相互拮抗；應避免同時使用。
* 其他延長 QT 的藥物：避免與其他已知會延長 QT 的藥物同時服用。

'''禁忌症：
* 嗜鉻細胞瘤
* 催乳素依賴性腫瘤（例如催乳素瘤、乳癌）
* 運動障礙（如巴金森氏症、路易氏體失智症）

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
*用水吞服整個藥片。不要咀嚼、壓碎或打破藥片

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*氨磺必利可能會導致嗜睡、頭暈或視力模糊，尤其是當您剛開始服用時。在您知道藥物對您有何影響之前，請避免駕駛、操作機器或進行需要保持警覺的活動。
*在未諮詢醫生的情況下，不要突然停止服用氨磺必利。突然停藥可能會導致令人不快的副作用或症狀復發。
*小心不要過熱或脫水，因為氨磺必利會影響身體調節溫度的能力。

'''若錯過一劑該怎辦？
*如果您漏服一劑，請在想起來後立即服用。但是，如果快到下一次預定劑量的時間，請跳過錯過的劑量。不要服用雙倍劑量來彌補錯過的劑量。

氨磺必利

2024-07-09T02:55:54Z

Helen: /* 藥物動力學 */

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''氨磺必利 ''' (English: [[Amisulpride]])

==常見劑量==
*100毫克、200毫克、400毫克片劑

==藥物商品名稱==
*Solian

==藥物用途==
治療精神分裂症

==作用機制==
氨磺必利是選擇性多巴胺D2和D3受體拮抗劑。低劑量時，它選擇性地結合於突觸前多巴胺受體；高劑量時，它優先結合於突觸後多巴胺受體。這解釋了它有效性的治療精神分裂症的陰性和陽性症狀。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服（片劑）

6. 劑量：
* 精神分裂症：每天口服400-800毫克，分兩次服用
對於嚴重腎功能不全（eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2）：不建議使用

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''常見
| 嗜睡/嗜睡
|-
| 體重增加
|-
| 頭暈
|-
| 食慾增加
|-
| 噁心和嘔吐
|-
| 便秘
|-
| 口乾
|-
| 模糊的視野
|-
| 失眠
|-
| 焦慮和煩躁
|-
| 性問題（例如性高潮困難）
|-
| 唾液分泌過多
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''不常見
| 不明原因的感染
|-
| 呼吸急促
|-
| 流汗
|-
| 高血糖（口渴、飢餓、排尿增加）
|-
| 乳房疼痛或產奶（女性）
|-
| 月經變化
|-
| 心律變化（QT 延長）
|-
| 鉀含量低
|-
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群（高燒、肌肉僵硬、精神狀態改變）
|}

==藥物動力學==
*起效時間
**口服後1至4小時；靜脈注射後立即。
*代謝
**氨磺必利的代謝極少。
*消除
** 氨磺必利主要經由尿液排出
** 消除半衰期約 12 小時
** 作用持續時間：約為12小時。

在開始服用抗精神病藥物後六週內，應該開始感覺好一點。

然而，患者可能需要幾個月的時間才能感受到全部藥效。

==用藥須知==
'''懷孕

關於懷孕期間使用的資料不足以確定風險。。

'''母乳餵哺

哺乳期間禁用。

'''兒童及長者

*不建議18歲以下兒童使用

'''腎功能不全

*腎功能不全患者需調整劑量

'''QT延長
*氨磺必利可引起劑量和濃度依賴性QT延長，可導致嚴重的室性心律不整，如尖端扭轉型室性心動過速。

'''突然停藥
*不宜突然停藥，以免出現噁心、嘔吐、失眠等戒斷症狀及精神病症狀復發

'''監測事項
* 血糖監測，因為它可能導致血糖水平升高。
* 心電圖監測：建議監測心律不整、心臟傳導障礙、電解質失衡（例如低血鉀、低鎂血症）和充血性心臟衰竭的患者

'''藥物交互作用
* 多巴胺激動劑：與多巴胺激動劑（如左旋多巴）相互拮抗；應避免同時使用。
* 其他延長 QT 的藥物：避免與其他已知會延長 QT 的藥物同時服用。

'''禁忌症：
* 嗜鉻細胞瘤
* 催乳素依賴性腫瘤（例如催乳素瘤、乳癌）
* 運動障礙（如巴金森氏症、路易氏體失智症）

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
*用水吞服整個藥片。不要咀嚼、壓碎或打破藥片

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*氨磺必利可能會導致嗜睡、頭暈或視力模糊，尤其是當您剛開始服用時。在您知道藥物對您有何影響之前，請避免駕駛、操作機器或進行需要保持警覺的活動。
*在未諮詢醫生的情況下，不要突然停止服用氨磺必利。突然停藥可能會導致令人不快的副作用或症狀復發。
*小心不要過熱或脫水，因為氨磺必利會影響身體調節溫度的能力。

'''若錯過一劑該怎辦？
*如果您漏服一劑，請在想起來後立即服用。但是，如果快到下一次預定劑量的時間，請跳過錯過的劑量。不要服用雙倍劑量來彌補錯過的劑量。

氨磺必利

2024-07-09T02:55:37Z

Helen: /* 副作用 */

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''氨磺必利 ''' (English: [[Amisulpride]])

==常見劑量==
*100毫克、200毫克、400毫克片劑

==藥物商品名稱==
*Solian

==藥物用途==
治療精神分裂症

==作用機制==
氨磺必利是選擇性多巴胺D2和D3受體拮抗劑。低劑量時，它選擇性地結合於突觸前多巴胺受體；高劑量時，它優先結合於突觸後多巴胺受體。這解釋了它有效性的治療精神分裂症的陰性和陽性症狀。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服（片劑）

6. 劑量：
* 精神分裂症：每天口服400-800毫克，分兩次服用
對於嚴重腎功能不全（eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2）：不建議使用

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''常見
| 嗜睡/嗜睡
|-
| 體重增加
|-
| 頭暈
|-
| 食慾增加
|-
| 噁心和嘔吐
|-
| 便秘
|-
| 口乾
|-
| 模糊的視野
|-
| 失眠
|-
| 焦慮和煩躁
|-
| 性問題（例如性高潮困難）
|-
| 唾液分泌過多
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''不常見
| 不明原因的感染
|-
| 呼吸急促
|-
| 流汗
|-
| 高血糖（口渴、飢餓、排尿增加）
|-
| 乳房疼痛或產奶（女性）
|-
| 月經變化
|-
| 心律變化（QT 延長）
|-
| 鉀含量低
|-
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群（高燒、肌肉僵硬、精神狀態改變）
|}

==藥物動力學==
*起效時間
**口服後1至4小時；靜脈注射後立即。
*代謝
**氨磺必利的代謝極少。
*消除
** 氨磺必利主要經由尿液排出
** 消除半衰期約 12 小時
** 作用持續時間：約為12小時。

在開始服用抗精神病藥物後六週內，應該開始感覺好一點。

然而，患者可能需要幾個月的時間才能感受到全部藥效。

**4 - 8.7 小時。

==用藥須知==
'''懷孕

關於懷孕期間使用的資料不足以確定風險。。

'''母乳餵哺

哺乳期間禁用。

'''兒童及長者

*不建議18歲以下兒童使用

'''腎功能不全

*腎功能不全患者需調整劑量

'''QT延長
*氨磺必利可引起劑量和濃度依賴性QT延長，可導致嚴重的室性心律不整，如尖端扭轉型室性心動過速。

'''突然停藥
*不宜突然停藥，以免出現噁心、嘔吐、失眠等戒斷症狀及精神病症狀復發

'''監測事項
* 血糖監測，因為它可能導致血糖水平升高。
* 心電圖監測：建議監測心律不整、心臟傳導障礙、電解質失衡（例如低血鉀、低鎂血症）和充血性心臟衰竭的患者

'''藥物交互作用
* 多巴胺激動劑：與多巴胺激動劑（如左旋多巴）相互拮抗；應避免同時使用。
* 其他延長 QT 的藥物：避免與其他已知會延長 QT 的藥物同時服用。

'''禁忌症：
* 嗜鉻細胞瘤
* 催乳素依賴性腫瘤（例如催乳素瘤、乳癌）
* 運動障礙（如巴金森氏症、路易氏體失智症）

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
*用水吞服整個藥片。不要咀嚼、壓碎或打破藥片

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*氨磺必利可能會導致嗜睡、頭暈或視力模糊，尤其是當您剛開始服用時。在您知道藥物對您有何影響之前，請避免駕駛、操作機器或進行需要保持警覺的活動。
*在未諮詢醫生的情況下，不要突然停止服用氨磺必利。突然停藥可能會導致令人不快的副作用或症狀復發。
*小心不要過熱或脫水，因為氨磺必利會影響身體調節溫度的能力。

'''若錯過一劑該怎辦？
*如果您漏服一劑，請在想起來後立即服用。但是，如果快到下一次預定劑量的時間，請跳過錯過的劑量。不要服用雙倍劑量來彌補錯過的劑量。

氨磺必利

2024-07-09T02:55:10Z

Helen: /* 副作用 */

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''氨磺必利 ''' (English: [[Amisulpride]])

==常見劑量==
*100毫克、200毫克、400毫克片劑

==藥物商品名稱==
*Solian

==藥物用途==
治療精神分裂症

==作用機制==
氨磺必利是選擇性多巴胺D2和D3受體拮抗劑。低劑量時，它選擇性地結合於突觸前多巴胺受體；高劑量時，它優先結合於突觸後多巴胺受體。這解釋了它有效性的治療精神分裂症的陰性和陽性症狀。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服（片劑）

6. 劑量：
* 精神分裂症：每天口服400-800毫克，分兩次服用
對於嚴重腎功能不全（eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2）：不建議使用

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''常見
| 嗜睡/嗜睡
|-
| 體重增加
|-
| 頭暈
|-
| 食慾增加
|-
| 噁心和嘔吐
|-
| 便秘
|-
| 口乾
|-
| 模糊的視野
|-
| 失眠
|-
| 焦慮和煩躁
|-
| 性問題（例如性高潮困難）
|-
| 唾液分泌過多
| rowspan="9" | '''不常見
|-
| 不明原因的感染
|-
| 呼吸急促
|-
| 流汗
|-
| 高血糖（口渴、飢餓、排尿增加）
|-
| 乳房疼痛或產奶（女性）
|-
| 月經變化
|-
| 心律變化（QT 延長）
|-
| 鉀含量低
|-
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群（高燒、肌肉僵硬、精神狀態改變）
|}

==藥物動力學==
*起效時間
**口服後1至4小時；靜脈注射後立即。
*代謝
**氨磺必利的代謝極少。
*消除
** 氨磺必利主要經由尿液排出
** 消除半衰期約 12 小時
** 作用持續時間：約為12小時。

在開始服用抗精神病藥物後六週內，應該開始感覺好一點。

然而，患者可能需要幾個月的時間才能感受到全部藥效。

**4 - 8.7 小時。

==用藥須知==
'''懷孕

關於懷孕期間使用的資料不足以確定風險。。

'''母乳餵哺

哺乳期間禁用。

'''兒童及長者

*不建議18歲以下兒童使用

'''腎功能不全

*腎功能不全患者需調整劑量

'''QT延長
*氨磺必利可引起劑量和濃度依賴性QT延長，可導致嚴重的室性心律不整，如尖端扭轉型室性心動過速。

'''突然停藥
*不宜突然停藥，以免出現噁心、嘔吐、失眠等戒斷症狀及精神病症狀復發

'''監測事項
* 血糖監測，因為它可能導致血糖水平升高。
* 心電圖監測：建議監測心律不整、心臟傳導障礙、電解質失衡（例如低血鉀、低鎂血症）和充血性心臟衰竭的患者

'''藥物交互作用
* 多巴胺激動劑：與多巴胺激動劑（如左旋多巴）相互拮抗；應避免同時使用。
* 其他延長 QT 的藥物：避免與其他已知會延長 QT 的藥物同時服用。

'''禁忌症：
* 嗜鉻細胞瘤
* 催乳素依賴性腫瘤（例如催乳素瘤、乳癌）
* 運動障礙（如巴金森氏症、路易氏體失智症）

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
*用水吞服整個藥片。不要咀嚼、壓碎或打破藥片

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*氨磺必利可能會導致嗜睡、頭暈或視力模糊，尤其是當您剛開始服用時。在您知道藥物對您有何影響之前，請避免駕駛、操作機器或進行需要保持警覺的活動。
*在未諮詢醫生的情況下，不要突然停止服用氨磺必利。突然停藥可能會導致令人不快的副作用或症狀復發。
*小心不要過熱或脫水，因為氨磺必利會影響身體調節溫度的能力。

'''若錯過一劑該怎辦？
*如果您漏服一劑，請在想起來後立即服用。但是，如果快到下一次預定劑量的時間，請跳過錯過的劑量。不要服用雙倍劑量來彌補錯過的劑量。

氨磺必利

2024-07-09T02:53:54Z

Helen: /* 副作用 */

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''氨磺必利 ''' (English: [[Amisulpride]])

==常見劑量==
*100毫克、200毫克、400毫克片劑

==藥物商品名稱==
*Solian

==藥物用途==
治療精神分裂症

==作用機制==
氨磺必利是選擇性多巴胺D2和D3受體拮抗劑。低劑量時，它選擇性地結合於突觸前多巴胺受體；高劑量時，它優先結合於突觸後多巴胺受體。這解釋了它有效性的治療精神分裂症的陰性和陽性症狀。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服（片劑）

6. 劑量：
* 精神分裂症：每天口服400-800毫克，分兩次服用
對於嚴重腎功能不全（eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2）：不建議使用

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''常見
| 嗜睡/嗜睡
|-
| 體重增加
|-
| 頭暈
|-
| 食慾增加
|-
| 噁心和嘔吐
|-
| 便秘
|-
| 口乾
|-
| 模糊的視野
|-
| 失眠
|-
| 焦慮和煩躁
|-
| 性問題（例如性高潮困難）
|-
| 唾液分泌過多
| rowspan="9" | '''不常見
| 不明原因的感染
|-
| 呼吸急促
|-
| 流汗
|-
| 高血糖（口渴、飢餓、排尿增加）
|-
| 乳房疼痛或產奶（女性）
|-
| 月經變化
|-
| 心律變化（QT 延長）
|-
| 鉀含量低
|-
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群（高燒、肌肉僵硬、精神狀態改變）
|}

==藥物動力學==
*起效時間
**口服後1至4小時；靜脈注射後立即。
*代謝
**氨磺必利的代謝極少。
*消除
** 氨磺必利主要經由尿液排出
** 消除半衰期約 12 小時
** 作用持續時間：約為12小時。

在開始服用抗精神病藥物後六週內，應該開始感覺好一點。

然而，患者可能需要幾個月的時間才能感受到全部藥效。

**4 - 8.7 小時。

==用藥須知==
'''懷孕

關於懷孕期間使用的資料不足以確定風險。。

'''母乳餵哺

哺乳期間禁用。

'''兒童及長者

*不建議18歲以下兒童使用

'''腎功能不全

*腎功能不全患者需調整劑量

'''QT延長
*氨磺必利可引起劑量和濃度依賴性QT延長，可導致嚴重的室性心律不整，如尖端扭轉型室性心動過速。

'''突然停藥
*不宜突然停藥，以免出現噁心、嘔吐、失眠等戒斷症狀及精神病症狀復發

'''監測事項
* 血糖監測，因為它可能導致血糖水平升高。
* 心電圖監測：建議監測心律不整、心臟傳導障礙、電解質失衡（例如低血鉀、低鎂血症）和充血性心臟衰竭的患者

'''藥物交互作用
* 多巴胺激動劑：與多巴胺激動劑（如左旋多巴）相互拮抗；應避免同時使用。
* 其他延長 QT 的藥物：避免與其他已知會延長 QT 的藥物同時服用。

'''禁忌症：
* 嗜鉻細胞瘤
* 催乳素依賴性腫瘤（例如催乳素瘤、乳癌）
* 運動障礙（如巴金森氏症、路易氏體失智症）

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
*用水吞服整個藥片。不要咀嚼、壓碎或打破藥片

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*氨磺必利可能會導致嗜睡、頭暈或視力模糊，尤其是當您剛開始服用時。在您知道藥物對您有何影響之前，請避免駕駛、操作機器或進行需要保持警覺的活動。
*在未諮詢醫生的情況下，不要突然停止服用氨磺必利。突然停藥可能會導致令人不快的副作用或症狀復發。
*小心不要過熱或脫水，因為氨磺必利會影響身體調節溫度的能力。

'''若錯過一劑該怎辦？
*如果您漏服一劑，請在想起來後立即服用。但是，如果快到下一次預定劑量的時間，請跳過錯過的劑量。不要服用雙倍劑量來彌補錯過的劑量。

氨磺必利

2024-07-09T02:53:03Z

Helen:

[[Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | '''口服抗精神病藥物''']]

'''藥物類別：[[:Category: 非典型抗精神病藥物 | 非典型抗精神病藥物]]

'''氨磺必利 ''' (English: [[Amisulpride]])

==常見劑量==
*100毫克、200毫克、400毫克片劑

==藥物商品名稱==
*Solian

==藥物用途==
治療精神分裂症

==作用機制==
氨磺必利是選擇性多巴胺D2和D3受體拮抗劑。低劑量時，它選擇性地結合於突觸前多巴胺受體；高劑量時，它優先結合於突觸後多巴胺受體。這解釋了它有效性的治療精神分裂症的陰性和陽性症狀。

==給藥途徑==
* 口服（片劑）

6. 劑量：
* 精神分裂症：每天口服400-800毫克，分兩次服用
對於嚴重腎功能不全（eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2）：不建議使用

==副作用==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| 頻率
!不良反應
|-
| rowspan="3" | '''常見
| 嗜睡/嗜睡
|-
| 體重增加
|-
| 頭暈
|-
| 食慾增加
|-
| 噁心和嘔吐
|-
| 便秘
|-
| 口乾
|-
| 模糊的視野
|-
| 失眠
|-
| 焦慮和煩躁
|-
| 性問題（例如性高潮困難）
|-
| 唾液分泌過多
| rowspan="5" | '''不常見
| 不明原因的感染
|-
| 呼吸急促
|-
| 流汗
|-
| 高血糖（口渴、飢餓、排尿增加）
|-
| 乳房疼痛或產奶（女性）
|-
| 月經變化
|-
| 心律變化（QT 延長）
|-
| 鉀含量低
|-
| 抗精神病藥物惡性症候群（高燒、肌肉僵硬、精神狀態改變）
|}

==藥物動力學==
*起效時間
**口服後1至4小時；靜脈注射後立即。
*代謝
**氨磺必利的代謝極少。
*消除
** 氨磺必利主要經由尿液排出
** 消除半衰期約 12 小時
** 作用持續時間：約為12小時。

在開始服用抗精神病藥物後六週內，應該開始感覺好一點。

然而，患者可能需要幾個月的時間才能感受到全部藥效。

**4 - 8.7 小時。

==用藥須知==
'''懷孕

關於懷孕期間使用的資料不足以確定風險。。

'''母乳餵哺

哺乳期間禁用。

'''兒童及長者

*不建議18歲以下兒童使用

'''腎功能不全

*腎功能不全患者需調整劑量

'''QT延長
*氨磺必利可引起劑量和濃度依賴性QT延長，可導致嚴重的室性心律不整，如尖端扭轉型室性心動過速。

'''突然停藥
*不宜突然停藥，以免出現噁心、嘔吐、失眠等戒斷症狀及精神病症狀復發

'''監測事項
* 血糖監測，因為它可能導致血糖水平升高。
* 心電圖監測：建議監測心律不整、心臟傳導障礙、電解質失衡（例如低血鉀、低鎂血症）和充血性心臟衰竭的患者

'''藥物交互作用
* 多巴胺激動劑：與多巴胺激動劑（如左旋多巴）相互拮抗；應避免同時使用。
* 其他延長 QT 的藥物：避免與其他已知會延長 QT 的藥物同時服用。

'''禁忌症：
* 嗜鉻細胞瘤
* 催乳素依賴性腫瘤（例如催乳素瘤、乳癌）
* 運動障礙（如巴金森氏症、路易氏體失智症）

==常見問題==
'''如何服用片劑？
*用水吞服整個藥片。不要咀嚼、壓碎或打破藥片

'''服用期間應避免什麼？
*氨磺必利可能會導致嗜睡、頭暈或視力模糊，尤其是當您剛開始服用時。在您知道藥物對您有何影響之前，請避免駕駛、操作機器或進行需要保持警覺的活動。
*在未諮詢醫生的情況下，不要突然停止服用氨磺必利。突然停藥可能會導致令人不快的副作用或症狀復發。
*小心不要過熱或脫水，因為氨磺必利會影響身體調節溫度的能力。

'''若錯過一劑該怎辦？
*如果您漏服一劑，請在想起來後立即服用。但是，如果快到下一次預定劑量的時間，請跳過錯過的劑量。不要服用雙倍劑量來彌補錯過的劑量。

Quetiapine

2024-07-09T02:34:53Z

Helen: /* Side Effects */

[[Category: Drugs]]

[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Atypical antipsychotic ]]

[[:Category: Antipsychotic Drug | '''Antipsychotic Drug''']]

'''Drug class: [[:Category: Atypical antipsychotic | Atypical antipsychotic ]]

'''Quetiapine (SEROQUEL)'''（中文：[[喹硫平]]）

==Pronunciation==
===Quetiapine 25mg (SEROQUEL 25mg)===
[[File:Quetiapine 25mg (SEROQUEL 25mg).mp3]]

===Quetiapine fumarate extended-release 200mg (SEROQUEL XR 200mg)===
[[File:Quetiapine fumarate extended-release 200mg (SEROQUEL XR 200mg).mp3]]

===Quetiapine fumarate extended-release 50mg (SEROQUEL XR 50mg)===
[[File:Quetiapine fumarate extended-release 50mg (SEROQUEL XR 50mg).mp3]]

==Common Strengths of Quetiapine Tablet==
Quetiapine tablets are available in the following strengths:
*25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg tablets

==Drug Trade Names of Amisulpride Tablet==
Seroquel, Seroquel XR

==Drug Usage==
Quetiapine is used for:
* Treatment of schizophrenia
* Acute treatment of manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder
* Acute treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar disorder
* Maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder as adjunct therapy to lithium
* Adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD)

==Mechanism of Action==
Quetiapine is an antagonist at multiple neurotransmitter receptors in the brain, including serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2, dopamine D1 and D2, histamine H1, and adrenergic α1

and α2 receptors.

==Route of Administration==
* Oral (tablets and oral solution)

==Dosages==
* Schizophrenia: 150-750 mg/day
* Bipolar mania: 400-800 mg/day
* Bipolar depression: 300-600 mg/day
* Major depressive disorder (adjunct): 150-300 mg/day

No dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with renal impairment. It is metabolized primarily in the liver, and renal function does not affect its pharmacokinetics

significantly.

==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="5" | '''Common
| Dizziness: Often occurs when standing up quickly. It is advisable to stand up slowly to mitigate this effect
|-
| drowsiness: can affect daily activities such as driving or operating machinery
|-
| Dizziness
|-
| Dry mouth: Staying hydrated and using sugar-free gum or candy can help alleviate dry mouth
|-
| Weight gain and increased appetite: Patients may experience significant weight gain
|-
| rowspan="10" | '''Less common
| Blurred Vision
|-
| Stomach Pain and Upset Stomach: Including nausea and vomiting
|-
| Fatigue and Weakness: General feelings of tiredness and lack of energy[6][8]
|-
| Increased Blood Sugar Levels: This can lead to or worsen diabetes
|-
| Uncontrolled Muscle Movements: Such as tremors, jerking, or stiffness, which could indicate tardive dyskinesia
|-
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS): Symptoms include high fever, muscle stiffness, confusion, and sweating. This is a medical emergency
|-
| QT Prolongation: A heart rhythm condition that can lead to serious (and sometimes fatal) irregular heartbeats
|-
| Severe Allergic Reactions: Signs include hives, difficulty breathing, and swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat
|-
| Infections: Increased susceptibility to infections due to lowered white blood cell counts
|-
| Suicidal Thoughts: Especially in younger patients or those with a history of depression
|}

==Pharmacokinetics==
*Absorption
**Rapidly absorbed with peak plasma concentrations occurring approximately 1.5 hours post-dose
*Metabolism
**Extensively metabolized in the liver primarily via CYP3A4.
*Elimination
** Mean terminal half-life is approximately 6 hours

The onset of action may be seen within 1-2 weeks, with full effects typically observed within 4-6 weeks.

==Drug Precautions==
''' Pregnancy
*Use with caution; potential risks to the fetus should be considered

''' Breastfeeding
*CNot recommended; quetiapine is excreted in human milk

'''Children & Elderly
*Not approved for use in children under 10 years old; use with caution in elderly patients

'''Temperature regulation
*Quetiapine can interfere with your body's ability to regulate temperature. Avoid overheating and dehydration, especially during exercise or in hot weather.

'''Suicidal thoughts
*Monitor for worsening depression or suicidal thoughts, especially in young adults and children.

'''Do not stop taking quetiapine suddenly without consulting your doctor. The dose may need to be tapered slowly.

'''Monitoring Requirements
* Weight, blood glucose, lipid profile, signs of extrapyramidal symptoms

'''Drug Interactions
* YP3A4 Inducers and Inhibitors: Drugs that induce CYP3A4 (e.g., phenytoin, thioridazine) can increase the clearance of quetiapine, while inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole) can

decrease its clearance, necessitating dosage adjustments.

* caution with drugs that prolong QT interval

==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
* Take quetiapine usually once or twice daily with or without food.

'''What should I avoid while taking?
* Avoid alcohol and activities requiring mental alertness until you know how quetiapine affects you.
* Avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice while taking quetiapine.

'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
* Take the missed dose as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not double doses.

Quetiapine

2024-07-09T02:33:38Z

Helen:

[[Category: Drugs]]

[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Atypical antipsychotic ]]

[[:Category: Antipsychotic Drug | '''Antipsychotic Drug''']]

'''Drug class: [[:Category: Atypical antipsychotic | Atypical antipsychotic ]]

'''Quetiapine (SEROQUEL)'''（中文：[[喹硫平]]）

==Pronunciation==
===Quetiapine 25mg (SEROQUEL 25mg)===
[[File:Quetiapine 25mg (SEROQUEL 25mg).mp3]]

===Quetiapine fumarate extended-release 200mg (SEROQUEL XR 200mg)===
[[File:Quetiapine fumarate extended-release 200mg (SEROQUEL XR 200mg).mp3]]

===Quetiapine fumarate extended-release 50mg (SEROQUEL XR 50mg)===
[[File:Quetiapine fumarate extended-release 50mg (SEROQUEL XR 50mg).mp3]]

==Common Strengths of Quetiapine Tablet==
Quetiapine tablets are available in the following strengths:
*25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 300 mg, 400 mg tablets

==Drug Trade Names of Amisulpride Tablet==
Seroquel, Seroquel XR

==Drug Usage==
Quetiapine is used for:
* Treatment of schizophrenia
* Acute treatment of manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder
* Acute treatment of depressive episodes associated with bipolar disorder
* Maintenance treatment of bipolar I disorder as adjunct therapy to lithium
* Adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD)

==Mechanism of Action==
Quetiapine is an antagonist at multiple neurotransmitter receptors in the brain, including serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2, dopamine D1 and D2, histamine H1, and adrenergic α1

and α2 receptors.

==Route of Administration==
* Oral (tablets and oral solution)

==Dosages==
* Schizophrenia: 150-750 mg/day
* Bipolar mania: 400-800 mg/day
* Bipolar depression: 300-600 mg/day
* Major depressive disorder (adjunct): 150-300 mg/day

No dosage adjustment is necessary for patients with renal impairment. It is metabolized primarily in the liver, and renal function does not affect its pharmacokinetics

significantly.

==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''Common
| Dizziness: Often occurs when standing up quickly. It is advisable to stand up slowly to mitigate this effect
|-
| drowsiness: can affect daily activities such as driving or operating machinery
|-
| Dizziness
|-
| Dry mouth: Staying hydrated and using sugar-free gum or candy can help alleviate dry mouth
|-
| Weight gain and increased appetite: Patients may experience significant weight gain
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''Less common
| Blurred Vision
|-
| Stomach Pain and Upset Stomach: Including nausea and vomiting
|-
| Fatigue and Weakness: General feelings of tiredness and lack of energy[6][8]
|-
| Increased Blood Sugar Levels: This can lead to or worsen diabetes
|-
| Uncontrolled Muscle Movements: Such as tremors, jerking, or stiffness, which could indicate tardive dyskinesia
|-
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS): Symptoms include high fever, muscle stiffness, confusion, and sweating. This is a medical emergency
|-
| QT Prolongation: A heart rhythm condition that can lead to serious (and sometimes fatal) irregular heartbeats
|-
| Severe Allergic Reactions: Signs include hives, difficulty breathing, and swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat
|-
| Infections: Increased susceptibility to infections due to lowered white blood cell counts
|-
| Suicidal Thoughts: Especially in younger patients or those with a history of depression
|}

==Pharmacokinetics==
*Absorption
**Rapidly absorbed with peak plasma concentrations occurring approximately 1.5 hours post-dose
*Metabolism
**Extensively metabolized in the liver primarily via CYP3A4.
*Elimination
** Mean terminal half-life is approximately 6 hours

The onset of action may be seen within 1-2 weeks, with full effects typically observed within 4-6 weeks.

==Drug Precautions==
''' Pregnancy
*Use with caution; potential risks to the fetus should be considered

''' Breastfeeding
*CNot recommended; quetiapine is excreted in human milk

'''Children & Elderly
*Not approved for use in children under 10 years old; use with caution in elderly patients

'''Temperature regulation
*Quetiapine can interfere with your body's ability to regulate temperature. Avoid overheating and dehydration, especially during exercise or in hot weather.

'''Suicidal thoughts
*Monitor for worsening depression or suicidal thoughts, especially in young adults and children.

'''Do not stop taking quetiapine suddenly without consulting your doctor. The dose may need to be tapered slowly.

'''Monitoring Requirements
* Weight, blood glucose, lipid profile, signs of extrapyramidal symptoms

'''Drug Interactions
* YP3A4 Inducers and Inhibitors: Drugs that induce CYP3A4 (e.g., phenytoin, thioridazine) can increase the clearance of quetiapine, while inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole) can

decrease its clearance, necessitating dosage adjustments.

* caution with drugs that prolong QT interval

==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
* Take quetiapine usually once or twice daily with or without food.

'''What should I avoid while taking?
* Avoid alcohol and activities requiring mental alertness until you know how quetiapine affects you.
* Avoid eating grapefruit or drinking grapefruit juice while taking quetiapine.

'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
* Take the missed dose as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not double doses.

Aripiprazole

2024-07-09T02:17:08Z

Helen: /* Side Effects */

[[Category: Drugs]]

[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Atypical antipsychotic ]]

[[:Category: Antipsychotic Drug | '''Antipsychotic Drug''']]

'''Drug class: [[:Category: Atypical antipsychotic | Atypical antipsychotic ]]

'''Aripiprazole (ABILIFY)'''（中文：[[阿立哌唑]]）

==Pronunciation==

==Common Strengths of Aripiprazole Tablet==
Aripiprazole tablets are available in the following strengths:
*2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 30 mg tablets

==Drug Trade Names of Aripiprazole Tablet==
Abilify

==Drug Usage==
Aripiprazole is used for:
* Schizophrenia
* Bipolar disorder
* Major depressive disorder (as an adjunct)
* Tourette syndrome
* Autism-related irritability

==Mechanism of Action==
*Aripiprazole is a partial agonist at dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, and an antagonist at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors.

==Route of Administration==
* Oral (tablets and oral solution)

==Dosages==
* Schizophrenia (adults): Initial dose 10-15 mg/day, target dose 10-15 mg/day, maximum 30 mg/day
* Bipolar disorder (adults): Initial dose 15 mg/day, maximum 30 mg/day

Aripiprazole does not require dosage adjustment based on renal function, including in patients with severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This is

because aripiprazole is primarily metabolized in the liver and only a small fraction is excreted unchanged in the urine.

==Side Effects==
*Detailed percentage-based side effect information not provided in the search results.
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="10" | '''Common
| Insomnia: Difficulty sleeping, which often improves over time.
|-
| Anxiety and Restlessness: Feelings of anxiety and restlessness that usually subside with continued use
|-
| Dizziness
|-
| Headache: Common and can be managed with rest and hydration
|-
| Nausea and Vomiting: Can be mitigated by taking the medication with food
|-
| Constipation: Increasing dietary fiber and water intake can help
|-
| Dizziness: Often occurs when standing up quickly; getting up slowly can help
|-
| Weight Changes: Can cause weight gain or loss; maintaining a balanced diet is recommended
|-
| Increased Salivation: More common in children
|-
| Fatigue: Feeling tired or low in energy
|-
| rowspan="7" | '''Uncommon
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS): Symptoms include high fever, muscle stiffness, and altered mental status
|-
| Metabolic Changes: Increased blood sugar, cholesterol, and weight gain, which can lead to diabetes
|-
| Compulsive Behaviors: Uncontrollable urges to gamble, eat, shop, or engage in sexual activities
|-
| Orthostatic Hypotension: Sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing, leading to dizziness or fainting
|-
| Seizures: Convulsions that require immediate medical attention
|-
| Severe Allergic Reactions: Symptoms include swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, and difficulty breathing
|-
| Suicidal Thoughts: Increased risk in young people, particularly those under 24
|}

==Pharmacokinetics==
*Absorption
**Aripiprazole is well absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within 3 to 5 hours
*Metabolism
**Extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 enzymes
*Elimination
** The mean elimination half-life is about 75 hours for aripiprazole

Aripiprazole has a relatively rapid initial onset of action within 1 to 2 weeks for most patients, but full therapeutic effects may take several weeks to months to develop.

Its long half-life results in a prolonged duration of action, allowing for once-daily dosing and steady-state levels after about 2 weeks of treatment.

==Drug Precautions==
'''Increased risk in elderly patients

* Should not be used to treat dementia-related psychosis in older adults due to increased risk of stroke and death
* May cause drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty swallowing in elderly patients, increasing the risk of falls and choking

'''Suicidal thoughts in young people

* May increase the risk of suicidal thoughts in people under 24 years old, especially in the first few months of treatment or with dose changes
* Close monitoring is required for children/teens taking aripiprazole

''' Monitoring Requirements

* Monitor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors, especially in younger patients
* May cause increased blood sugar, elevated cholesterol, and weight gain
* Regular monitoring of metabolic parameters are recommended

'''Drug Interactions

* Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors and CYP2D6 inhibitors may increase aripiprazole levels
* Strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease aripiprazole levels

==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
* Standard tablets: Swallow with water
* Orodispersible tablets: Place on tongue to dissolve or dissolve in water and drink immediately
* Take at around the same time each day, with or without food.

'''What should I avoid while taking?
*Avoid driving, operating machinery or doing activities that require alertness until you know how the medication affects you.
*Do not stop taking amisulpride suddenly without consulting your doctor. Abrupt withdrawal can cause unpleasant side effects or a return of symptoms.

'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
*Take the missed dose as soon as you remember if it is within a few hours. If it is close to the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular schedule.

Aripiprazole

2024-07-09T02:16:31Z

Helen:

[[Category: Drugs]]

[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Atypical antipsychotic ]]

[[:Category: Antipsychotic Drug | '''Antipsychotic Drug''']]

'''Drug class: [[:Category: Atypical antipsychotic | Atypical antipsychotic ]]

'''Aripiprazole (ABILIFY)'''（中文：[[阿立哌唑]]）

==Pronunciation==

==Common Strengths of Aripiprazole Tablet==
Aripiprazole tablets are available in the following strengths:
*2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 15 mg, 30 mg tablets

==Drug Trade Names of Aripiprazole Tablet==
Abilify

==Drug Usage==
Aripiprazole is used for:
* Schizophrenia
* Bipolar disorder
* Major depressive disorder (as an adjunct)
* Tourette syndrome
* Autism-related irritability

==Mechanism of Action==
*Aripiprazole is a partial agonist at dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors, and an antagonist at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors.

==Route of Administration==
* Oral (tablets and oral solution)

==Dosages==
* Schizophrenia (adults): Initial dose 10-15 mg/day, target dose 10-15 mg/day, maximum 30 mg/day
* Bipolar disorder (adults): Initial dose 15 mg/day, maximum 30 mg/day

Aripiprazole does not require dosage adjustment based on renal function, including in patients with severe renal impairment or end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This is

because aripiprazole is primarily metabolized in the liver and only a small fraction is excreted unchanged in the urine.

==Side Effects==
*Detailed percentage-based side effect information not provided in the search results.
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''Common
| Insomnia: Difficulty sleeping, which often improves over time.
|-
| Anxiety and Restlessness: Feelings of anxiety and restlessness that usually subside with continued use
|-
| Dizziness
|-
| Headache: Common and can be managed with rest and hydration
|-
| Nausea and Vomiting: Can be mitigated by taking the medication with food
|-
| Constipation: Increasing dietary fiber and water intake can help
|-
| Dizziness: Often occurs when standing up quickly; getting up slowly can help
|-
| Weight Changes: Can cause weight gain or loss; maintaining a balanced diet is recommended
|-
| Increased Salivation: More common in children
|-
| Fatigue: Feeling tired or low in energy
|-
| rowspan="7" | '''Uncommon
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS): Symptoms include high fever, muscle stiffness, and altered mental status
|-
| Metabolic Changes: Increased blood sugar, cholesterol, and weight gain, which can lead to diabetes
|-
| Compulsive Behaviors: Uncontrollable urges to gamble, eat, shop, or engage in sexual activities
|-
| Orthostatic Hypotension: Sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing, leading to dizziness or fainting
|-
| Seizures: Convulsions that require immediate medical attention
|-
| Severe Allergic Reactions: Symptoms include swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat, and difficulty breathing
|-
| Suicidal Thoughts: Increased risk in young people, particularly those under 24
|}

==Pharmacokinetics==
*Absorption
**Aripiprazole is well absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations occurring within 3 to 5 hours
*Metabolism
**Extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 enzymes
*Elimination
** The mean elimination half-life is about 75 hours for aripiprazole

Aripiprazole has a relatively rapid initial onset of action within 1 to 2 weeks for most patients, but full therapeutic effects may take several weeks to months to develop.

Its long half-life results in a prolonged duration of action, allowing for once-daily dosing and steady-state levels after about 2 weeks of treatment.

==Drug Precautions==
'''Increased risk in elderly patients

* Should not be used to treat dementia-related psychosis in older adults due to increased risk of stroke and death
* May cause drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty swallowing in elderly patients, increasing the risk of falls and choking

'''Suicidal thoughts in young people

* May increase the risk of suicidal thoughts in people under 24 years old, especially in the first few months of treatment or with dose changes
* Close monitoring is required for children/teens taking aripiprazole

''' Monitoring Requirements

* Monitor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors, especially in younger patients
* May cause increased blood sugar, elevated cholesterol, and weight gain
* Regular monitoring of metabolic parameters are recommended

'''Drug Interactions

* Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors and CYP2D6 inhibitors may increase aripiprazole levels
* Strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease aripiprazole levels

==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
* Standard tablets: Swallow with water
* Orodispersible tablets: Place on tongue to dissolve or dissolve in water and drink immediately
* Take at around the same time each day, with or without food.

'''What should I avoid while taking?
*Avoid driving, operating machinery or doing activities that require alertness until you know how the medication affects you.
*Do not stop taking amisulpride suddenly without consulting your doctor. Abrupt withdrawal can cause unpleasant side effects or a return of symptoms.

'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
*Take the missed dose as soon as you remember if it is within a few hours. If it is close to the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular schedule.

Amisulpride

2024-07-09T01:59:29Z

Helen: /* FAQ */

[[Category: Drugs]]

[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Atypical antipsychotic ]]

[[:Category: Antipsychotic Drug | '''Antipsychotic Drug''']]

'''Drug class: [[:Category: Atypical antipsychotic | Atypical antipsychotic ]]

'''Amisulpride (SOLIAN)'''（中文：[[氨磺必利]]）

==Pronunciation==
===Amisulpride 100mg===
[[File:Amisulpride 100mg.mp3]]

===Amisulpride 400mg===
[[File:Amisulpride 400mg.mp3]]

==Common Strengths of Amisulpride Tablet==
Amisulpride tablets are available in the following strengths:
*100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg tablets

==Drug Trade Names of Amisulpride Tablet==
Solian

==Drug Usage==
Amisulpride is used for:
* Treatment of schizophrenia

==Mechanism of Action==
Amisulpride is a selective dopamine D2 and D3 receptor antagonist. At low doses, it selectively binds to presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors, while at high doses, it

preferentially binds to post-synaptic dopamine receptors. This explains its effectiveness in treating both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

==Route of Administration==
* Oral (tablets and oral solution)

==Dosages==
* Schizophrenia: 400-800 mg/day orally, divided into two doses.

Renal dose based on eGFR:

For severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2): Use is not recommended

==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''Common
| Drowsiness/sleepiness
|-
| Weight gain
|-
| Dizziness
|-
| Increased appetite
|-
| Nausea and vomiting
|-
| Constipation
|-
| Dry mouth
|-
| Blurred vision
|-
| Insomnia
|-
| Anxiety and agitation
|-
| Sexual problems (e.g. difficulty with orgasm)
|-
| Excess saliva production
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''Uncommon
| Unexplained infections
|-
| Fast breathing
|-
| Sweating
|-
| High blood sugar (increased thirst, hunger, urination)
|-
| Breast pain or milk production (in women)
|-
| Menstrual changes
|-
| Heart rhythm changes (QT prolongation)
|-
| Low potassium levels
|-
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (high fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental state)
|}

==Pharmacokinetics==
*Onset Time
**1 to 4 hours after oral administration; immediate after IV administration.
*Metabolism
**Amisulpride undergoes minimal metabolism
*Elimination
** Amisulpride is primarily eliminated unchanged in the urine
** The elimination half-life is approximately 12 hours
** Duration of Action: Approximately 12 hours based on the elimination half-life, with sustained therapeutic effects for long-term treatment in chronic conditions like schizophrenia.

A person should begin to feel better within six weeks of starting antipsychotic medication.

However, it may take several months before they feel the full benefits.

==Drug Precautions==
'''Increased risk in elderly patients

*Should not be used to treat dementia-related psychosis in older adults due to increased risk of stroke and death
*May cause drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty swallowing in elderly patients, increasing the risk of falls and choking

''' Pregnancy
*Insufficient data on use during pregnancy to establish risk

''' Breastfeeding
*Contraindicated during breastfeeding

'''Children & Adult
*Not recommended for use in children under 18 years old

'''Renal impairment
*Dose adjustments are necessary for patients with renal insufficiency

'''QT Prolongation
*Amisulpride can cause dose- and concentration-dependent prolongation of the QT interval, which can lead to serious ventricular arrhythmias like torsades de pointes. It
should be avoided in patients with congenital long QT syndrome and those taking other drugs that prolong the QT interval (e.g., droperidol, ondansetron)

'''Abrupt Withdrawal
*Should not be stopped abruptly to avoid withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, insomnia, and the recurrence of psychotic symptoms

'''Monitoring Requirements
* Blood glucose monitoring as it may cause elevated blood glucose levels.
* ECG Monitoring: Recommended for patients with preexisting arrhythmias, cardiac conduction disorders, electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia), and
congestive heart failure.

'''Drug Interactions
* Dopamine Agonists: Reciprocal antagonism with dopamine agonists (e.g., levodopa); concurrent use should be avoided.
* Other QT-Prolonging Drugs: Avoid coadministration with other drugs known to prolong the QT interval.

==Contraindications==
* Pheochromocytoma
* Prolactin-dependent tumors (e.g., prolactinoma, breast cancer)
* Movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies)

==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
* Swallow the tablets whole with a full glass of water. Do not chew, crush or break the tablets

'''What should I avoid while taking?
* Amisulpride may cause drowsiness, dizziness or blurred vision, especially when you first start taking it. Avoid driving, operating machinery or doing activities that
require alertness until you know how the medication affects you.

* Do not stop taking amisulpride suddenly without consulting your doctor. Abrupt withdrawal can cause unpleasant side effects or a return of symptoms.

* Be cautious about getting overheated or dehydrated, as amisulpride can affect your body's ability to regulate temperature.

'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
* Answer not provided in the given information. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it's almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the
missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

Amisulpride

2024-07-09T01:59:18Z

Helen: /* FAQ */

[[Category: Drugs]]

[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Atypical antipsychotic ]]

[[:Category: Antipsychotic Drug | '''Antipsychotic Drug''']]

'''Drug class: [[:Category: Atypical antipsychotic | Atypical antipsychotic ]]

'''Amisulpride (SOLIAN)'''（中文：[[氨磺必利]]）

==Pronunciation==
===Amisulpride 100mg===
[[File:Amisulpride 100mg.mp3]]

===Amisulpride 400mg===
[[File:Amisulpride 400mg.mp3]]

==Common Strengths of Amisulpride Tablet==
Amisulpride tablets are available in the following strengths:
*100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg tablets

==Drug Trade Names of Amisulpride Tablet==
Solian

==Drug Usage==
Amisulpride is used for:
* Treatment of schizophrenia

==Mechanism of Action==
Amisulpride is a selective dopamine D2 and D3 receptor antagonist. At low doses, it selectively binds to presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors, while at high doses, it

preferentially binds to post-synaptic dopamine receptors. This explains its effectiveness in treating both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

==Route of Administration==
* Oral (tablets and oral solution)

==Dosages==
* Schizophrenia: 400-800 mg/day orally, divided into two doses.

Renal dose based on eGFR:

For severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2): Use is not recommended

==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''Common
| Drowsiness/sleepiness
|-
| Weight gain
|-
| Dizziness
|-
| Increased appetite
|-
| Nausea and vomiting
|-
| Constipation
|-
| Dry mouth
|-
| Blurred vision
|-
| Insomnia
|-
| Anxiety and agitation
|-
| Sexual problems (e.g. difficulty with orgasm)
|-
| Excess saliva production
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''Uncommon
| Unexplained infections
|-
| Fast breathing
|-
| Sweating
|-
| High blood sugar (increased thirst, hunger, urination)
|-
| Breast pain or milk production (in women)
|-
| Menstrual changes
|-
| Heart rhythm changes (QT prolongation)
|-
| Low potassium levels
|-
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (high fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental state)
|}

==Pharmacokinetics==
*Onset Time
**1 to 4 hours after oral administration; immediate after IV administration.
*Metabolism
**Amisulpride undergoes minimal metabolism
*Elimination
** Amisulpride is primarily eliminated unchanged in the urine
** The elimination half-life is approximately 12 hours
** Duration of Action: Approximately 12 hours based on the elimination half-life, with sustained therapeutic effects for long-term treatment in chronic conditions like schizophrenia.

A person should begin to feel better within six weeks of starting antipsychotic medication.

However, it may take several months before they feel the full benefits.

==Drug Precautions==
'''Increased risk in elderly patients

*Should not be used to treat dementia-related psychosis in older adults due to increased risk of stroke and death
*May cause drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty swallowing in elderly patients, increasing the risk of falls and choking

''' Pregnancy
*Insufficient data on use during pregnancy to establish risk

''' Breastfeeding
*Contraindicated during breastfeeding

'''Children & Adult
*Not recommended for use in children under 18 years old

'''Renal impairment
*Dose adjustments are necessary for patients with renal insufficiency

'''QT Prolongation
*Amisulpride can cause dose- and concentration-dependent prolongation of the QT interval, which can lead to serious ventricular arrhythmias like torsades de pointes. It
should be avoided in patients with congenital long QT syndrome and those taking other drugs that prolong the QT interval (e.g., droperidol, ondansetron)

'''Abrupt Withdrawal
*Should not be stopped abruptly to avoid withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, insomnia, and the recurrence of psychotic symptoms

'''Monitoring Requirements
* Blood glucose monitoring as it may cause elevated blood glucose levels.
* ECG Monitoring: Recommended for patients with preexisting arrhythmias, cardiac conduction disorders, electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia), and
congestive heart failure.

'''Drug Interactions
* Dopamine Agonists: Reciprocal antagonism with dopamine agonists (e.g., levodopa); concurrent use should be avoided.
* Other QT-Prolonging Drugs: Avoid coadministration with other drugs known to prolong the QT interval.

==Contraindications==
* Pheochromocytoma
* Prolactin-dependent tumors (e.g., prolactinoma, breast cancer)
* Movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies)

==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
* Swallow the tablets whole with a full glass of water. Do not chew, crush or break the tablets

''What should I avoid while taking?
* Amisulpride may cause drowsiness, dizziness or blurred vision, especially when you first start taking it. Avoid driving, operating machinery or doing activities that
require alertness until you know how the medication affects you.

* Do not stop taking amisulpride suddenly without consulting your doctor. Abrupt withdrawal can cause unpleasant side effects or a return of symptoms.

* Be cautious about getting overheated or dehydrated, as amisulpride can affect your body's ability to regulate temperature.

'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
* Answer not provided in the given information. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it's almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the
missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

Amisulpride

2024-07-09T01:59:09Z

Helen: /* FAQ */

[[Category: Drugs]]

[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Atypical antipsychotic ]]

[[:Category: Antipsychotic Drug | '''Antipsychotic Drug''']]

'''Drug class: [[:Category: Atypical antipsychotic | Atypical antipsychotic ]]

'''Amisulpride (SOLIAN)'''（中文：[[氨磺必利]]）

==Pronunciation==
===Amisulpride 100mg===
[[File:Amisulpride 100mg.mp3]]

===Amisulpride 400mg===
[[File:Amisulpride 400mg.mp3]]

==Common Strengths of Amisulpride Tablet==
Amisulpride tablets are available in the following strengths:
*100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg tablets

==Drug Trade Names of Amisulpride Tablet==
Solian

==Drug Usage==
Amisulpride is used for:
* Treatment of schizophrenia

==Mechanism of Action==
Amisulpride is a selective dopamine D2 and D3 receptor antagonist. At low doses, it selectively binds to presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors, while at high doses, it

preferentially binds to post-synaptic dopamine receptors. This explains its effectiveness in treating both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

==Route of Administration==
* Oral (tablets and oral solution)

==Dosages==
* Schizophrenia: 400-800 mg/day orally, divided into two doses.

Renal dose based on eGFR:

For severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2): Use is not recommended

==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''Common
| Drowsiness/sleepiness
|-
| Weight gain
|-
| Dizziness
|-
| Increased appetite
|-
| Nausea and vomiting
|-
| Constipation
|-
| Dry mouth
|-
| Blurred vision
|-
| Insomnia
|-
| Anxiety and agitation
|-
| Sexual problems (e.g. difficulty with orgasm)
|-
| Excess saliva production
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''Uncommon
| Unexplained infections
|-
| Fast breathing
|-
| Sweating
|-
| High blood sugar (increased thirst, hunger, urination)
|-
| Breast pain or milk production (in women)
|-
| Menstrual changes
|-
| Heart rhythm changes (QT prolongation)
|-
| Low potassium levels
|-
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (high fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental state)
|}

==Pharmacokinetics==
*Onset Time
**1 to 4 hours after oral administration; immediate after IV administration.
*Metabolism
**Amisulpride undergoes minimal metabolism
*Elimination
** Amisulpride is primarily eliminated unchanged in the urine
** The elimination half-life is approximately 12 hours
** Duration of Action: Approximately 12 hours based on the elimination half-life, with sustained therapeutic effects for long-term treatment in chronic conditions like schizophrenia.

A person should begin to feel better within six weeks of starting antipsychotic medication.

However, it may take several months before they feel the full benefits.

==Drug Precautions==
'''Increased risk in elderly patients

*Should not be used to treat dementia-related psychosis in older adults due to increased risk of stroke and death
*May cause drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty swallowing in elderly patients, increasing the risk of falls and choking

''' Pregnancy
*Insufficient data on use during pregnancy to establish risk

''' Breastfeeding
*Contraindicated during breastfeeding

'''Children & Adult
*Not recommended for use in children under 18 years old

'''Renal impairment
*Dose adjustments are necessary for patients with renal insufficiency

'''QT Prolongation
*Amisulpride can cause dose- and concentration-dependent prolongation of the QT interval, which can lead to serious ventricular arrhythmias like torsades de pointes. It
should be avoided in patients with congenital long QT syndrome and those taking other drugs that prolong the QT interval (e.g., droperidol, ondansetron)

'''Abrupt Withdrawal
*Should not be stopped abruptly to avoid withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, insomnia, and the recurrence of psychotic symptoms

'''Monitoring Requirements
* Blood glucose monitoring as it may cause elevated blood glucose levels.
* ECG Monitoring: Recommended for patients with preexisting arrhythmias, cardiac conduction disorders, electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia), and
congestive heart failure.

'''Drug Interactions
* Dopamine Agonists: Reciprocal antagonism with dopamine agonists (e.g., levodopa); concurrent use should be avoided.
* Other QT-Prolonging Drugs: Avoid coadministration with other drugs known to prolong the QT interval.

==Contraindications==
* Pheochromocytoma
* Prolactin-dependent tumors (e.g., prolactinoma, breast cancer)
* Movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies)

==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
* Swallow the tablets whole with a full glass of water. Do not chew, crush or break the tablets

''What should I avoid while taking?
* Amisulpride may cause drowsiness, dizziness or blurred vision, especially when you first start taking it. Avoid driving, operating machinery or doing activities that
require alertness until you know how the medication affects you.

* Do not stop taking amisulpride suddenly without consulting your doctor. Abrupt withdrawal can cause unpleasant side effects or a return of symptoms.

* Be cautious about getting overheated or dehydrated, as amisulpride can affect your body's ability to regulate temperature.

'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
* Answer not provided in the given information. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it's almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the
missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

Amisulpride

2024-07-09T01:58:43Z

Helen: /* Drug Precautions */

[[Category: Drugs]]

[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Atypical antipsychotic ]]

[[:Category: Antipsychotic Drug | '''Antipsychotic Drug''']]

'''Drug class: [[:Category: Atypical antipsychotic | Atypical antipsychotic ]]

'''Amisulpride (SOLIAN)'''（中文：[[氨磺必利]]）

==Pronunciation==
===Amisulpride 100mg===
[[File:Amisulpride 100mg.mp3]]

===Amisulpride 400mg===
[[File:Amisulpride 400mg.mp3]]

==Common Strengths of Amisulpride Tablet==
Amisulpride tablets are available in the following strengths:
*100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg tablets

==Drug Trade Names of Amisulpride Tablet==
Solian

==Drug Usage==
Amisulpride is used for:
* Treatment of schizophrenia

==Mechanism of Action==
Amisulpride is a selective dopamine D2 and D3 receptor antagonist. At low doses, it selectively binds to presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors, while at high doses, it

preferentially binds to post-synaptic dopamine receptors. This explains its effectiveness in treating both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

==Route of Administration==
* Oral (tablets and oral solution)

==Dosages==
* Schizophrenia: 400-800 mg/day orally, divided into two doses.

Renal dose based on eGFR:

For severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2): Use is not recommended

==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''Common
| Drowsiness/sleepiness
|-
| Weight gain
|-
| Dizziness
|-
| Increased appetite
|-
| Nausea and vomiting
|-
| Constipation
|-
| Dry mouth
|-
| Blurred vision
|-
| Insomnia
|-
| Anxiety and agitation
|-
| Sexual problems (e.g. difficulty with orgasm)
|-
| Excess saliva production
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''Uncommon
| Unexplained infections
|-
| Fast breathing
|-
| Sweating
|-
| High blood sugar (increased thirst, hunger, urination)
|-
| Breast pain or milk production (in women)
|-
| Menstrual changes
|-
| Heart rhythm changes (QT prolongation)
|-
| Low potassium levels
|-
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (high fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental state)
|}

==Pharmacokinetics==
*Onset Time
**1 to 4 hours after oral administration; immediate after IV administration.
*Metabolism
**Amisulpride undergoes minimal metabolism
*Elimination
** Amisulpride is primarily eliminated unchanged in the urine
** The elimination half-life is approximately 12 hours
** Duration of Action: Approximately 12 hours based on the elimination half-life, with sustained therapeutic effects for long-term treatment in chronic conditions like schizophrenia.

A person should begin to feel better within six weeks of starting antipsychotic medication.

However, it may take several months before they feel the full benefits.

==Drug Precautions==
'''Increased risk in elderly patients

*Should not be used to treat dementia-related psychosis in older adults due to increased risk of stroke and death
*May cause drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty swallowing in elderly patients, increasing the risk of falls and choking

''' Pregnancy
*Insufficient data on use during pregnancy to establish risk

''' Breastfeeding
*Contraindicated during breastfeeding

'''Children & Adult
*Not recommended for use in children under 18 years old

'''Renal impairment
*Dose adjustments are necessary for patients with renal insufficiency

'''QT Prolongation
*Amisulpride can cause dose- and concentration-dependent prolongation of the QT interval, which can lead to serious ventricular arrhythmias like torsades de pointes. It
should be avoided in patients with congenital long QT syndrome and those taking other drugs that prolong the QT interval (e.g., droperidol, ondansetron)

'''Abrupt Withdrawal
*Should not be stopped abruptly to avoid withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, insomnia, and the recurrence of psychotic symptoms

'''Monitoring Requirements
* Blood glucose monitoring as it may cause elevated blood glucose levels.
* ECG Monitoring: Recommended for patients with preexisting arrhythmias, cardiac conduction disorders, electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia), and
congestive heart failure.

'''Drug Interactions
* Dopamine Agonists: Reciprocal antagonism with dopamine agonists (e.g., levodopa); concurrent use should be avoided.
* Other QT-Prolonging Drugs: Avoid coadministration with other drugs known to prolong the QT interval.

==Contraindications==
* Pheochromocytoma
* Prolactin-dependent tumors (e.g., prolactinoma, breast cancer)
* Movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies)

==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
* Swallow the tablets whole with a full glass of water. Do not chew, crush or break the tablets

''What should I avoid while taking?
* Amisulpride may cause drowsiness, dizziness or blurred vision, especially when you first start taking it. Avoid driving, operating machinery or doing activities that

require alertness until you know how the medication affects you.

* Do not stop taking amisulpride suddenly without consulting your doctor. Abrupt withdrawal can cause unpleasant side effects or a return of symptoms.

* Be cautious about getting overheated or dehydrated, as amisulpride can affect your body's ability to regulate temperature.

'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
* Answer not provided in the given information. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it's almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the

missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

Amisulpride

2024-07-09T01:58:25Z

Helen: /* Drug Precautions */

[[Category: Drugs]]

[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Atypical antipsychotic ]]

[[:Category: Antipsychotic Drug | '''Antipsychotic Drug''']]

'''Drug class: [[:Category: Atypical antipsychotic | Atypical antipsychotic ]]

'''Amisulpride (SOLIAN)'''（中文：[[氨磺必利]]）

==Pronunciation==
===Amisulpride 100mg===
[[File:Amisulpride 100mg.mp3]]

===Amisulpride 400mg===
[[File:Amisulpride 400mg.mp3]]

==Common Strengths of Amisulpride Tablet==
Amisulpride tablets are available in the following strengths:
*100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg tablets

==Drug Trade Names of Amisulpride Tablet==
Solian

==Drug Usage==
Amisulpride is used for:
* Treatment of schizophrenia

==Mechanism of Action==
Amisulpride is a selective dopamine D2 and D3 receptor antagonist. At low doses, it selectively binds to presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors, while at high doses, it

preferentially binds to post-synaptic dopamine receptors. This explains its effectiveness in treating both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

==Route of Administration==
* Oral (tablets and oral solution)

==Dosages==
* Schizophrenia: 400-800 mg/day orally, divided into two doses.

Renal dose based on eGFR:

For severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2): Use is not recommended

==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''Common
| Drowsiness/sleepiness
|-
| Weight gain
|-
| Dizziness
|-
| Increased appetite
|-
| Nausea and vomiting
|-
| Constipation
|-
| Dry mouth
|-
| Blurred vision
|-
| Insomnia
|-
| Anxiety and agitation
|-
| Sexual problems (e.g. difficulty with orgasm)
|-
| Excess saliva production
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''Uncommon
| Unexplained infections
|-
| Fast breathing
|-
| Sweating
|-
| High blood sugar (increased thirst, hunger, urination)
|-
| Breast pain or milk production (in women)
|-
| Menstrual changes
|-
| Heart rhythm changes (QT prolongation)
|-
| Low potassium levels
|-
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (high fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental state)
|}

==Pharmacokinetics==
*Onset Time
**1 to 4 hours after oral administration; immediate after IV administration.
*Metabolism
**Amisulpride undergoes minimal metabolism
*Elimination
** Amisulpride is primarily eliminated unchanged in the urine
** The elimination half-life is approximately 12 hours
** Duration of Action: Approximately 12 hours based on the elimination half-life, with sustained therapeutic effects for long-term treatment in chronic conditions like schizophrenia.

A person should begin to feel better within six weeks of starting antipsychotic medication.

However, it may take several months before they feel the full benefits.

==Drug Precautions==
'''Increased risk in elderly patients

*Should not be used to treat dementia-related psychosis in older adults due to increased risk of stroke and death
*May cause drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty swallowing in elderly patients, increasing the risk of falls and choking

''' Pregnancy
*Insufficient data on use during pregnancy to establish risk

''' Breastfeeding
*Contraindicated during breastfeeding

'''Children & Adult
*Not recommended for use in children under 18 years old

'''Renal impairment
*Dose adjustments are necessary for patients with renal insufficiency

'''QT Prolongation
*Amisulpride can cause dose- and concentration-dependent prolongation of the QT interval, which can lead to serious ventricular arrhythmias like torsades de pointes. It
should be avoided in patients with congenital long QT syndrome and those taking other drugs that prolong the QT interval (e.g., droperidol, ondansetron)

'''Abrupt Withdrawal
*Should not be stopped abruptly to avoid withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, insomnia, and the recurrence of psychotic symptoms

'''Monitoring Requirements
* Blood glucose monitoring as it may cause elevated blood glucose levels.
* ECG Monitoring: Recommended for patients with preexisting arrhythmias, cardiac conduction disorders, electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia), and

congestive heart failure.

'''Drug Interactions
* Dopamine Agonists: Reciprocal antagonism with dopamine agonists (e.g., levodopa); concurrent use should be avoided.
* Other QT-Prolonging Drugs: Avoid coadministration with other drugs known to prolong the QT interval.

==Contraindications==
* Pheochromocytoma
* Prolactin-dependent tumors (e.g., prolactinoma, breast cancer)
* Movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies)

==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
* Swallow the tablets whole with a full glass of water. Do not chew, crush or break the tablets

''What should I avoid while taking?
* Amisulpride may cause drowsiness, dizziness or blurred vision, especially when you first start taking it. Avoid driving, operating machinery or doing activities that

require alertness until you know how the medication affects you.

* Do not stop taking amisulpride suddenly without consulting your doctor. Abrupt withdrawal can cause unpleasant side effects or a return of symptoms.

* Be cautious about getting overheated or dehydrated, as amisulpride can affect your body's ability to regulate temperature.

'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
* Answer not provided in the given information. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it's almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the

missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

Amisulpride

2024-07-09T01:58:02Z

Helen: /* Drug Precautions */

[[Category: Drugs]]

[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Atypical antipsychotic ]]

[[:Category: Antipsychotic Drug | '''Antipsychotic Drug''']]

'''Drug class: [[:Category: Atypical antipsychotic | Atypical antipsychotic ]]

'''Amisulpride (SOLIAN)'''（中文：[[氨磺必利]]）

==Pronunciation==
===Amisulpride 100mg===
[[File:Amisulpride 100mg.mp3]]

===Amisulpride 400mg===
[[File:Amisulpride 400mg.mp3]]

==Common Strengths of Amisulpride Tablet==
Amisulpride tablets are available in the following strengths:
*100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg tablets

==Drug Trade Names of Amisulpride Tablet==
Solian

==Drug Usage==
Amisulpride is used for:
* Treatment of schizophrenia

==Mechanism of Action==
Amisulpride is a selective dopamine D2 and D3 receptor antagonist. At low doses, it selectively binds to presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors, while at high doses, it

preferentially binds to post-synaptic dopamine receptors. This explains its effectiveness in treating both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

==Route of Administration==
* Oral (tablets and oral solution)

==Dosages==
* Schizophrenia: 400-800 mg/day orally, divided into two doses.

Renal dose based on eGFR:

For severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2): Use is not recommended

==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''Common
| Drowsiness/sleepiness
|-
| Weight gain
|-
| Dizziness
|-
| Increased appetite
|-
| Nausea and vomiting
|-
| Constipation
|-
| Dry mouth
|-
| Blurred vision
|-
| Insomnia
|-
| Anxiety and agitation
|-
| Sexual problems (e.g. difficulty with orgasm)
|-
| Excess saliva production
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''Uncommon
| Unexplained infections
|-
| Fast breathing
|-
| Sweating
|-
| High blood sugar (increased thirst, hunger, urination)
|-
| Breast pain or milk production (in women)
|-
| Menstrual changes
|-
| Heart rhythm changes (QT prolongation)
|-
| Low potassium levels
|-
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (high fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental state)
|}

==Pharmacokinetics==
*Onset Time
**1 to 4 hours after oral administration; immediate after IV administration.
*Metabolism
**Amisulpride undergoes minimal metabolism
*Elimination
** Amisulpride is primarily eliminated unchanged in the urine
** The elimination half-life is approximately 12 hours
** Duration of Action: Approximately 12 hours based on the elimination half-life, with sustained therapeutic effects for long-term treatment in chronic conditions like schizophrenia.

A person should begin to feel better within six weeks of starting antipsychotic medication.

However, it may take several months before they feel the full benefits.

==Drug Precautions==
'''Increased risk in elderly patients

*Should not be used to treat dementia-related psychosis in older adults due to increased risk of stroke and death
*May cause drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty swallowing in elderly patients, increasing the risk of falls and choking

''' Pregnancy
*Insufficient data on use during pregnancy to establish risk

''' Breastfeeding
*Contraindicated during breastfeeding

'''Children & Adult
*Not recommended for use in children under 18 years old

'''Renal impairment
*Dose adjustments are necessary for patients with renal insufficiency

'''QT Prolongation
*Amisulpride can cause dose- and concentration-dependent prolongation of the QT interval, which can lead to serious ventricular arrhythmias like torsades de pointes. It

should be avoided in patients with congenital long QT syndrome and those taking other drugs that prolong the QT interval (e.g., droperidol, ondansetron)

'''Abrupt Withdrawal
*Should not be stopped abruptly to avoid withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, insomnia, and the recurrence of psychotic symptoms

'''Monitoring Requirements
* Blood glucose monitoring as it may cause elevated blood glucose levels.
* ECG Monitoring: Recommended for patients with preexisting arrhythmias, cardiac conduction disorders, electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia), and

congestive heart failure.

'''Drug Interactions
* Dopamine Agonists: Reciprocal antagonism with dopamine agonists (e.g., levodopa); concurrent use should be avoided.
* Other QT-Prolonging Drugs: Avoid coadministration with other drugs known to prolong the QT interval.

==Contraindications==
* Pheochromocytoma
* Prolactin-dependent tumors (e.g., prolactinoma, breast cancer)
* Movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies)

==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
* Swallow the tablets whole with a full glass of water. Do not chew, crush or break the tablets

''What should I avoid while taking?
* Amisulpride may cause drowsiness, dizziness or blurred vision, especially when you first start taking it. Avoid driving, operating machinery or doing activities that

require alertness until you know how the medication affects you.

* Do not stop taking amisulpride suddenly without consulting your doctor. Abrupt withdrawal can cause unpleasant side effects or a return of symptoms.

* Be cautious about getting overheated or dehydrated, as amisulpride can affect your body's ability to regulate temperature.

'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
* Answer not provided in the given information. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it's almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the

missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

Amisulpride

2024-07-09T01:57:09Z

Helen:

[[Category: Drugs]]

[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Atypical antipsychotic ]]

[[:Category: Antipsychotic Drug | '''Antipsychotic Drug''']]

'''Drug class: [[:Category: Atypical antipsychotic | Atypical antipsychotic ]]

'''Amisulpride (SOLIAN)'''（中文：[[氨磺必利]]）

==Pronunciation==
===Amisulpride 100mg===
[[File:Amisulpride 100mg.mp3]]

===Amisulpride 400mg===
[[File:Amisulpride 400mg.mp3]]

==Common Strengths of Amisulpride Tablet==
Amisulpride tablets are available in the following strengths:
*100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg tablets

==Drug Trade Names of Amisulpride Tablet==
Solian

==Drug Usage==
Amisulpride is used for:
* Treatment of schizophrenia

==Mechanism of Action==
Amisulpride is a selective dopamine D2 and D3 receptor antagonist. At low doses, it selectively binds to presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors, while at high doses, it

preferentially binds to post-synaptic dopamine receptors. This explains its effectiveness in treating both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

==Route of Administration==
* Oral (tablets and oral solution)

==Dosages==
* Schizophrenia: 400-800 mg/day orally, divided into two doses.

Renal dose based on eGFR:

For severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2): Use is not recommended

==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''Common
| Drowsiness/sleepiness
|-
| Weight gain
|-
| Dizziness
|-
| Increased appetite
|-
| Nausea and vomiting
|-
| Constipation
|-
| Dry mouth
|-
| Blurred vision
|-
| Insomnia
|-
| Anxiety and agitation
|-
| Sexual problems (e.g. difficulty with orgasm)
|-
| Excess saliva production
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''Uncommon
| Unexplained infections
|-
| Fast breathing
|-
| Sweating
|-
| High blood sugar (increased thirst, hunger, urination)
|-
| Breast pain or milk production (in women)
|-
| Menstrual changes
|-
| Heart rhythm changes (QT prolongation)
|-
| Low potassium levels
|-
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (high fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental state)
|}

==Pharmacokinetics==
*Onset Time
**1 to 4 hours after oral administration; immediate after IV administration.
*Metabolism
**Amisulpride undergoes minimal metabolism
*Elimination
** Amisulpride is primarily eliminated unchanged in the urine
** The elimination half-life is approximately 12 hours
** Duration of Action: Approximately 12 hours based on the elimination half-life, with sustained therapeutic effects for long-term treatment in chronic conditions like schizophrenia.

A person should begin to feel better within six weeks of starting antipsychotic medication.

However, it may take several months before they feel the full benefits.

==Drug Precautions==
'''Increased risk in elderly patients

*Should not be used to treat dementia-related psychosis in older adults due to increased risk of stroke and death
*May cause drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty swallowing in elderly patients, increasing the risk of falls and choking

''' Pregnancy
*Insufficient data on use during pregnancy to establish risk

''' Breastfeeding
*Contraindicated during breastfeeding

'''Children & Adult
*Not recommended for use in children under 18 years old

'''Renal impairment
*Dose adjustments are necessary for patients with renal insufficiency

'''QT Prolongation
*Amisulpride can cause dose- and concentration-dependent prolongation of the QT interval, which can lead to serious ventricular arrhythmias like torsades de pointes. It

should be avoided in patients with congenital long QT syndrome and those taking other drugs that prolong the QT interval (e.g., droperidol, ondansetron)

'''Abrupt Withdrawal
*Should not be stopped abruptly to avoid withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, insomnia, and the recurrence of psychotic symptoms

'''Monitoring Requirements
* Blood glucose monitoring as it may cause elevated blood glucose levels.
* ECG Monitoring: Recommended for patients with preexisting arrhythmias, cardiac conduction disorders, electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia), and

congestive heart failure.

'''Drug Interactions
* Dopamine Agonists: Reciprocal antagonism with dopamine agonists (e.g., levodopa); concurrent use should be avoided.
* Other QT-Prolonging Drugs: Avoid coadministration with other drugs known to prolong the QT interval.

==Contraindications==
* Pheochromocytoma
* Prolactin-dependent tumors (e.g., prolactinoma, breast cancer)
* Movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies)

==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
* Swallow the tablets whole with a full glass of water. Do not chew, crush or break the tablets

''What should I avoid while taking?
* Amisulpride may cause drowsiness, dizziness or blurred vision, especially when you first start taking it. Avoid driving, operating machinery or doing activities that

require alertness until you know how the medication affects you.

* Do not stop taking amisulpride suddenly without consulting your doctor. Abrupt withdrawal can cause unpleasant side effects or a return of symptoms.

* Be cautious about getting overheated or dehydrated, as amisulpride can affect your body's ability to regulate temperature.

'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
* Answer not provided in the given information. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it's almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the

missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

Amisulpride

2024-07-09T01:56:04Z

Helen:

[[Category: Drugs]]

[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Atypical antipsychotic ]]

[[:Category: Antipsychotic Drug | '''Antipsychotic Drug''']]

'''Drug class: [[:Category: Atypical antipsychotic | Atypical antipsychotic ]]

'''Amisulpride (SOLIAN)'''（中文：[[氨磺必利]]）

==Pronunciation==
===Amisulpride 100mg===
[[File:Amisulpride 100mg.mp3]]

===Amisulpride 400mg===
[[File:Amisulpride 400mg.mp3]]

==Drug Names==
{| class="wikitable"
!Generic Name 藥名
!HA Code 藥物代碼
!Classification藥物分類
|-
|Amisulpride Tab 100 mg
|AMIS01
|P1S1S3
|-
|Amisulpride Tab 200 mg
|AMIS02
|P1S1S3
|-
|Amisulpride Tab 400 mg
|AMIS04
|P1S1S3
|}

==Common Strengths of Amisulpride Tablet==
Amisulpride tablets are available in the following strengths:
*100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg tablets

==Drug Trade Names of Amisulpride Tablet==
Solian

==Drug Usage==
Amisulpride is used for:
* Treatment of schizophrenia

==Mechanism of Action==
Amisulpride is a selective dopamine D2 and D3 receptor antagonist. At low doses, it selectively binds to presynaptic dopamine autoreceptors, while at high doses, it

preferentially binds to post-synaptic dopamine receptors. This explains its effectiveness in treating both negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

==Route of Administration==
* Oral (tablets and oral solution)

==Dosages==
* Schizophrenia: 400-800 mg/day orally, divided into two doses.

Renal dose based on eGFR:

For severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2): Use is not recommended

==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''Common
| Drowsiness/sleepiness
|-
| Weight gain
|-
| Dizziness
|-
| Increased appetite
|-
| Nausea and vomiting
|-
| Constipation
|-
| Dry mouth
|-
| Blurred vision
|-
| Insomnia
|-
| Anxiety and agitation
|-
| Sexual problems (e.g. difficulty with orgasm)
|-
| Excess saliva production
|-
| rowspan="9" | '''Uncommon
| Unexplained infections
|-
| Fast breathing
|-
| Sweating
|-
| High blood sugar (increased thirst, hunger, urination)
|-
| Breast pain or milk production (in women)
|-
| Menstrual changes
|-
| Heart rhythm changes (QT prolongation)
|-
| Low potassium levels
|-
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (high fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental state)
|}

==Pharmacokinetics==
*Onset Time
**1 to 4 hours after oral administration; immediate after IV administration.
*Metabolism
**Amisulpride undergoes minimal metabolism
*Elimination
** Amisulpride is primarily eliminated unchanged in the urine
** The elimination half-life is approximately 12 hours
** Duration of Action: Approximately 12 hours based on the elimination half-life, with sustained therapeutic effects for long-term treatment in chronic conditions like schizophrenia.

A person should begin to feel better within six weeks of starting antipsychotic medication.

However, it may take several months before they feel the full benefits.

==Drug Precautions==
'''Increased risk in elderly patients

*Should not be used to treat dementia-related psychosis in older adults due to increased risk of stroke and death
*May cause drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty swallowing in elderly patients, increasing the risk of falls and choking

''' Pregnancy
*Insufficient data on use during pregnancy to establish risk

''' Breastfeeding
*Contraindicated during breastfeeding

'''Children & Adult
*Not recommended for use in children under 18 years old

'''Renal impairment
*Dose adjustments are necessary for patients with renal insufficiency

'''QT Prolongation
*Amisulpride can cause dose- and concentration-dependent prolongation of the QT interval, which can lead to serious ventricular arrhythmias like torsades de pointes. It

should be avoided in patients with congenital long QT syndrome and those taking other drugs that prolong the QT interval (e.g., droperidol, ondansetron)

'''Abrupt Withdrawal
*Should not be stopped abruptly to avoid withdrawal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, insomnia, and the recurrence of psychotic symptoms

'''Monitoring Requirements
* Blood glucose monitoring as it may cause elevated blood glucose levels.
* ECG Monitoring: Recommended for patients with preexisting arrhythmias, cardiac conduction disorders, electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia), and

congestive heart failure.

'''Drug Interactions
* Dopamine Agonists: Reciprocal antagonism with dopamine agonists (e.g., levodopa); concurrent use should be avoided.
* Other QT-Prolonging Drugs: Avoid coadministration with other drugs known to prolong the QT interval.

==Contraindications==
* Pheochromocytoma
* Prolactin-dependent tumors (e.g., prolactinoma, breast cancer)
* Movement disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies)

==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
* Swallow the tablets whole with a full glass of water. Do not chew, crush or break the tablets

''What should I avoid while taking?
* Amisulpride may cause drowsiness, dizziness or blurred vision, especially when you first start taking it. Avoid driving, operating machinery or doing activities that

require alertness until you know how the medication affects you.

* Do not stop taking amisulpride suddenly without consulting your doctor. Abrupt withdrawal can cause unpleasant side effects or a return of symptoms.

* Be cautious about getting overheated or dehydrated, as amisulpride can affect your body's ability to regulate temperature.

'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
* Answer not provided in the given information. If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember. However, if it's almost time for your next scheduled dose, skip the

missed dose and continue with your regular dosing schedule. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.

Risperidone

2024-07-08T09:24:56Z

Helen: /* Side Effects */

[[Category: Drugs]]

[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Atypical antipsychotic ]]

[[:Category: Antipsychotic Drug | '''Antipsychotic Drug''']]

'''Drug class: [[:Category: Atypical antipsychotic | Atypical antipsychotic ]]

'''Risperidone (RISPERDAL)'''（中文：[[利培酮]]）

==Pronunciation==
===Risperidone 1mg===
[[File:Risperidone 1mg.mp3]]

===Risperidone 2mg===
[[File:Risperidone 2mg.mp3]]

===Risperidone orodispersible 1mg===
[[File:Risperidone orodispersible 1mg.mp3]]

===Risperidone orodispersible 2mg===
[[File:Risperidone orodispersible 2mg.mp3]]

==Common Strengths of Risperidone Tablet==
Brexpiprazole tablets are available in the following strengths:
*0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral solution

==Drug Trade Names of Risperidone Tablet==
Risperdal, Risperdal Consta (long-acting injectable form)

==Drug Usage==
Risperidone is used for:
* Treatment of schizophrenia
* Acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder
* Treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder

==Mechanism of Action==
Risperidone is a selective monoaminergic antagonist with high affinity for serotonin 5-HT2 and dopamine D2 receptors

==Route of Administration==
* Oral (tablets and oral solution)
* Intramuscular injection (long-acting injectable form)

==Dosages==
* Schizophrenia (adults): Initial dose 2 mg/day, target dose 4 to 8 mg/day
* Bipolar mania (adults): Initial dose 2 to 3 mg/day, target dose 1 to 6 mg/day

For moderate to severe renal impairment (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2):
* The maximum recommended dosage for schizophrenia is 3 mg per day.
* The maximum recommended dosage for major depressive disorder is 2 mg per day.

For patients with severe renal impairment (CrCl < 30 mL/min):
* Initial dose: 0.5 mg twice daily
* Titrate in increments of up to 0.5 mg twice daily
* Increases above 1.5 mg twice daily should occur at intervals of at least one week

==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="15" | '''Common
| Drowsiness
|-
| Dizziness: which can increase the risk of falling
|-
| Weight Gain: Increased appetite leading to weight gain
|-
| Nausea: Feeling sick to the stomach
|-
| Constipation
|-
| Nausea
|-
| Constipation
|-
| Dry Mouth: Reduced saliva production
|-
| Increased Saliva: Excessive saliva production
|-
| Anxiety: Feelings of nervousness or worry
|-
| Agitation: Restlessness or irritability
|-
| Difficulty Sleeping: Trouble falling or staying asleep
|-
| Blurred Vision: Changes in vision clarity
|-
| Runny or Stuffy Nose: Cold-like symptoms
|-
| Fatigue: General feeling of tiredness
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''Uncommon
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS): Symptoms include high fever, muscle stiffness, and altered mental status
|-
| Tardive Dyskinesia**: Involuntary, repetitive movements, particularly of the face and limbs, which may be irreversible
|-
| Metabolic Changes: Increased blood sugar, cholesterol and triglycerides, and weight gain, which can lead to diabetes
|-
| Cognitive Impairment: Difficulty thinking or concentrating
|-
| Heat Intolerance: Difficulty regulating body temperature, leading to overheating or hypothermia
|-
| Increased Risk of Falls: Particularly in elderly patients due to dizziness and drowsiness
|-
| Orthostatic Hypotension: Sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing, leading to dizziness or fainting
|-
| Seizures: Convulsions or fits
|-
| Low White Blood Cell Count: Increased risk of infections
|-
| Allergic Reactions: Symptoms include rash, itching, and trouble breathing
|-
| Stroke: Increased risk in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis
|-
| Increased Prolactin Levels: This can lead to breast milk production, menstrual irregularities, and sexual dysfunction
|}

==Pharmacokinetics==
*Absorption
**Peak plasma concentrations occurring within 1 to 2 hours
*Metabolism
**Extensively metabolized in the liver by CYP2D6
*Elimination
**Approximately 70% excreted in urine and 14% in feces. The half-life of the active moiety (risperidone plus 9-hydroxyrisperidone) is approximately 20 hours.

Drug onset time and duration: Onset of action may be seen within 1 to 2 weeks, with full effects typically observed within 4-6 weeks.

==Drug Precautions==
'''Increased risk in elderly patients

*Should not be used to treat dementia-related psychosis in older adults due to increased risk of stroke and death
*May cause drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty swallowing in elderly patients, increasing the risk of falls and choking

''' Pregnancy

*Use with caution; potential risks to the fetus should be considered

''' Breastfeeding

*Not recommended; risperidone is excreted in human milk

'''Monitoring Requirements
*Weight, blood glucose, lipid profile, prolactin levels, signs of extrapyramidal symptoms

'''Drug Interactions

*May enhance the effects of other CNS depressants; caution with drugs that prolong QT interval as risperidone may cause QT prolongation

==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
* Take risperidone exactly as prescribed by your doctor, usually once or twice daily with or without food.

''What should I avoid while taking?
* Avoid alcohol and activities requiring mental alertness until you know how risperidone affects you.

'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
* Take the missed dose as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not double doses

Risperidone

2024-07-08T09:23:28Z

Helen:

[[Category: Drugs]]

[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Atypical antipsychotic ]]

[[:Category: Antipsychotic Drug | '''Antipsychotic Drug''']]

'''Drug class: [[:Category: Atypical antipsychotic | Atypical antipsychotic ]]

'''Risperidone (RISPERDAL)'''（中文：[[利培酮]]）

==Pronunciation==
===Risperidone 1mg===
[[File:Risperidone 1mg.mp3]]

===Risperidone 2mg===
[[File:Risperidone 2mg.mp3]]

===Risperidone orodispersible 1mg===
[[File:Risperidone orodispersible 1mg.mp3]]

===Risperidone orodispersible 2mg===
[[File:Risperidone orodispersible 2mg.mp3]]

==Common Strengths of Risperidone Tablet==
Brexpiprazole tablets are available in the following strengths:
*0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral solution

==Drug Trade Names of Risperidone Tablet==
Risperdal, Risperdal Consta (long-acting injectable form)

==Drug Usage==
Risperidone is used for:
* Treatment of schizophrenia
* Acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder
* Treatment of irritability associated with autistic disorder

==Mechanism of Action==
Risperidone is a selective monoaminergic antagonist with high affinity for serotonin 5-HT2 and dopamine D2 receptors

==Route of Administration==
* Oral (tablets and oral solution)
* Intramuscular injection (long-acting injectable form)

==Dosages==
* Schizophrenia (adults): Initial dose 2 mg/day, target dose 4 to 8 mg/day
* Bipolar mania (adults): Initial dose 2 to 3 mg/day, target dose 1 to 6 mg/day

For moderate to severe renal impairment (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2):
* The maximum recommended dosage for schizophrenia is 3 mg per day.
* The maximum recommended dosage for major depressive disorder is 2 mg per day.

For patients with severe renal impairment (CrCl < 30 mL/min):
* Initial dose: 0.5 mg twice daily
* Titrate in increments of up to 0.5 mg twice daily
* Increases above 1.5 mg twice daily should occur at intervals of at least one week

==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="13" | '''Common
| Drowsiness
|-
| Dizziness: which can increase the risk of falling
|-
| Weight Gain: Increased appetite leading to weight gain
|-
| Nausea: Feeling sick to the stomach
|-
| Constipation
|-
| Nausea
|-
| Constipation
|-
| Dry Mouth: Reduced saliva production
|-
| Increased Saliva: Excessive saliva production
|-
| Anxiety: Feelings of nervousness or worry
|-
| Agitation: Restlessness or irritability
|-
| Difficulty Sleeping: Trouble falling or staying asleep
|-
| Blurred Vision: Changes in vision clarity
|-
| Runny or Stuffy Nose: Cold-like symptoms
|-
| Fatigue: General feeling of tiredness
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''Uncommon
| Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS): Symptoms include high fever, muscle stiffness, and altered mental status
|-
| Tardive Dyskinesia**: Involuntary, repetitive movements, particularly of the face and limbs, which may be irreversible
|-
| Metabolic Changes: Increased blood sugar, cholesterol and triglycerides, and weight gain, which can lead to diabetes
|-
| Cognitive Impairment: Difficulty thinking or concentrating
|-
| Heat Intolerance: Difficulty regulating body temperature, leading to overheating or hypothermia
|-
| Increased Risk of Falls: Particularly in elderly patients due to dizziness and drowsiness
|-
| Orthostatic Hypotension: Sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing, leading to dizziness or fainting
|-
| Seizures: Convulsions or fits
|-
| Low White Blood Cell Count: Increased risk of infections
|-
| Allergic Reactions: Symptoms include rash, itching, and trouble breathing
|-
| Stroke: Increased risk in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis
|-
| Increased Prolactin Levels: This can lead to breast milk production, menstrual irregularities, and sexual dysfunction
|}

==Pharmacokinetics==
*Absorption
**Peak plasma concentrations occurring within 1 to 2 hours
*Metabolism
**Extensively metabolized in the liver by CYP2D6
*Elimination
**Approximately 70% excreted in urine and 14% in feces. The half-life of the active moiety (risperidone plus 9-hydroxyrisperidone) is approximately 20 hours.

Drug onset time and duration: Onset of action may be seen within 1 to 2 weeks, with full effects typically observed within 4-6 weeks.

==Drug Precautions==
'''Increased risk in elderly patients

*Should not be used to treat dementia-related psychosis in older adults due to increased risk of stroke and death
*May cause drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty swallowing in elderly patients, increasing the risk of falls and choking

''' Pregnancy

*Use with caution; potential risks to the fetus should be considered

''' Breastfeeding

*Not recommended; risperidone is excreted in human milk

'''Monitoring Requirements
*Weight, blood glucose, lipid profile, prolactin levels, signs of extrapyramidal symptoms

'''Drug Interactions

*May enhance the effects of other CNS depressants; caution with drugs that prolong QT interval as risperidone may cause QT prolongation

==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
* Take risperidone exactly as prescribed by your doctor, usually once or twice daily with or without food.

''What should I avoid while taking?
* Avoid alcohol and activities requiring mental alertness until you know how risperidone affects you.

'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
* Take the missed dose as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not double doses

Brexpiprazole

2024-07-08T09:11:24Z

Helen:

[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Atypical antipsychotic ]]

[[:Category: Antipsychotic Drug | '''Antipsychotic Drug''']]

'''Drug class: [[:Category: Atypical antipsychotic | Atypical antipsychotic ]]

'''Brexpiprazole (Rexulti)'''（中文：[[銳思定]]）

==Common Strengths of Brexpiprazole Tablet==
Brexpiprazole tablets are available in the following strengths:
* 0.25 mg

* 0.5 mg

* 1 mg

* 2 mg

* 3 mg

* 4 mg

==Drug Trade Names of Brexpiprazole Tablet==
Rexulti is the trade name for Brexpiprazole:

==Drug Usage==
Brexpiprazole is used for:
* Treatment of schizophrenia
* Adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD)
* Treatment of agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease

==Mechanism of Action==
Brexpiprazole acts as a partial agonist at dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors and as an antagonist at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. It modulates dopaminergic and

serotonergic activity to improve symptoms of schizophrenia and depression

==Route of Administration==
Brexpiprazole is administered orally in the form of tablets or liquid solution.

==Dosages==
* Schizophrenia (Adults): Initial dose of 1 mg once daily, titrated to 2 mg on Day 5 to 7, and up to 4 mg by Day 8. Target dose: 2 to 4 mg daily. Maximum dose: 4 mg/day.

* Depression (Adults): Initial dose of 0.5 mg or 1 mg once daily, titrated to 2 mg daily. Maximum dose: 3 mg/day.
* Pediatric Schizophrenia (13-17 years): Initial dose of 0.5 mg once daily, titrated to 1 mg on Day 5 to 7, and up to 2 mg by Day 8. Maximum dose: 4 mg/day.

For patients with moderate to severe renal impairment, the dosage of brexpiprazole should be reduced to a maximum of 3 mg per day for schizophrenia and 2 mg per day for MDD.

No adjustment is needed for mild renal impairment.

==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''Common
| Weight gain
|-
| Akathisia (feeling of restlessness, constant urge to move)
|-
| Headache
|-
| Drowsiness/sleepiness
|-
| Dizziness
|-
| Nausea
|-
| Constipation
|-
| Indigestion/heartburn
|-
| Increased appetite
|-
| Fatigue/tiredness
|-
| Tremor
|-
| Stuffy or runny nose
|-
| rowspan="13" | '''Uncommon
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (high fever, muscle stiffness, confusion)
|-
| Tardive dyskinesia (uncontrolled muscle movements)
|-
| High blood sugar/diabetes
|-
| Orthostatic hypotension (dizziness when standing up)
|-
| Seizures
|-
| Low white blood cell count
|-
| Difficulty swallowing
|-
| Suicidal thoughts or behaviors (especially in young adults)
|-
| Compulsive behaviors (gambling, sexual urges, binge eating)
|-
| Cognitive impairment
|-
| Impaired body temperature regulation
|-
| Stroke in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis
|-
| Allergic reactions (rash, itching, difficulty breathing)
|}

==Pharmacokinetics==
*Absorption
**Peak plasma concentration within 4 hours.
*Metabolism
**Primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6.
*Excretion
**25% in urine and 46% in feces. Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 91 hours.

Initial effects: Some patients may begin to see improvements within 1 to 2 weeks of starting treatment.

Full Therapeutic Effects: The best results are typically observed after 4 to 6 weeks for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD) For agitation associated with

dementia due to Alzheimer's disease, significant results may be seen in about 12 weeks.

==Drug Precautions==
'''Increased risk in elderly patients

*Should not be used to treat dementia-related psychosis in older adults due to increased risk of stroke and death
*May cause drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty swallowing in elderly patients, increasing the risk of falls and choking

'''Suicidal thoughts in young people

*May increase the risk of suicidal thoughts in young people under 24 years old, especially in the first few months of treatment or with dose changes
*Close monitoring is required for children/teens taking aripiprazole

'''Use cautiously in patients with a history of seizures or with conditions that lower the seizure threshold.

'''Dysphagia

*Esophageal dysmotility and aspiration associated with antipsychotic drug use
*Use cautiously in patients at risk for aspiration pneumonia

'''Monitoring Requirements
*Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, weight, and signs of extrapyramidal symptoms
*Perform complete blood count (CBC) in patients with pre-existing low white blood cell count (WBC) or history of drug-induced leukopenia/neutropenia
*Monitor heart rate and blood pressure and warn patients with known cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, and risk of dehydration or syncope

'''Drug Interactions

*Avoid strong CYP3A4 inducers and inhibitors

==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
* Take brexpiprazole once daily with or without food, at the same time each day.

''What should I avoid while taking brexpiprazole?
*Avoid alcohol, and activities requiring alertness until you know how the medication affects you. Avoid overheating and dehydration

'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
*Take the missed dose as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not double doses.

Risperidone

2024-07-08T09:11:08Z

Helen:

[[Category: Drugs]]

[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Atypical antipsychotic ]]

[[:Category: Antipsychotic Drug | '''Antipsychotic Drug''']]

'''Drug class: [[:Category: Atypical antipsychotic | Atypical antipsychotic ]]

'''Risperidone (RISPERDAL)'''（中文：[[利培酮]]）

==Pronunciation==
===Risperidone 1mg===
[[File:Risperidone 1mg.mp3]]

===Risperidone 2mg===
[[File:Risperidone 2mg.mp3]]

===Risperidone orodispersible 1mg===
[[File:Risperidone orodispersible 1mg.mp3]]

===Risperidone orodispersible 2mg===
[[File:Risperidone orodispersible 2mg.mp3]]

==Common Strengths of Brexpiprazole Tablet==
Brexpiprazole tablets are available in the following strengths:
*0.25 mg, 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 3 mg, 4 mg tablets; 1 mg/mL oral solution

==Drug Trade Names of Risperidone Tablet==
Risperdal, Risperdal Consta (long-acting injectable form)

==Drug Usage==
Brexpiprazole is used for:
* Treatment of schizophrenia
* Adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD)
* Treatment of agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease

==Mechanism of Action==
Brexpiprazole acts as a partial agonist at dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors and as an antagonist at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. It modulates dopaminergic and

serotonergic activity to improve symptoms of schizophrenia and depression

==Route of Administration==
Brexpiprazole is administered orally in the form of tablets or liquid solution.

==Dosages==
* Schizophrenia (Adults): Initial dose of 1 mg once daily, titrated to 2 mg on Day 5 to 7, and up to 4 mg by Day 8. Target dose: 2 to 4 mg daily. Maximum dose: 4 mg/day.

* Depression (Adults): Initial dose of 0.5 mg or 1 mg once daily, titrated to 2 mg daily. Maximum dose: 3 mg/day.
* Pediatric Schizophrenia (13-17 years): Initial dose of 0.5 mg once daily, titrated to 1 mg on Day 5 to 7, and up to 2 mg by Day 8. Maximum dose: 4 mg/day.

For patients with moderate to severe renal impairment, the dosage of brexpiprazole should be reduced to a maximum of 3 mg per day for schizophrenia and 2 mg per day for MDD.

No adjustment is needed for mild renal impairment.

==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''Common
| Weight gain
|-
| Akathisia (feeling of restlessness, constant urge to move)
|-
| Headache
|-
| Drowsiness/sleepiness
|-
| Dizziness
|-
| Nausea
|-
| Constipation
|-
| Indigestion/heartburn
|-
| Increased appetite
|-
| Fatigue/tiredness
|-
| Tremor
|-
| Stuffy or runny nose
|-
| rowspan="13" | '''Uncommon
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (high fever, muscle stiffness, confusion)
|-
| Tardive dyskinesia (uncontrolled muscle movements)
|-
| High blood sugar/diabetes
|-
| Orthostatic hypotension (dizziness when standing up)
|-
| Seizures
|-
| Low white blood cell count
|-
| Difficulty swallowing
|-
| Suicidal thoughts or behaviors (especially in young adults)
|-
| Compulsive behaviors (gambling, sexual urges, binge eating)
|-
| Cognitive impairment
|-
| Impaired body temperature regulation
|-
| Stroke in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis
|-
| Allergic reactions (rash, itching, difficulty breathing)
|}

==Pharmacokinetics==
*Absorption
**Peak plasma concentration within 4 hours.
*Metabolism
**Primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6.
*Excretion
**25% in urine and 46% in feces. Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 91 hours.

Initial effects: Some patients may begin to see improvements within 1 to 2 weeks of starting treatment.

Full Therapeutic Effects: The best results are typically observed after 4 to 6 weeks for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD) For agitation associated with

dementia due to Alzheimer's disease, significant results may be seen in about 12 weeks.

==Drug Precautions==
'''Increased risk in elderly patients

*Should not be used to treat dementia-related psychosis in older adults due to increased risk of stroke and death
*May cause drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty swallowing in elderly patients, increasing the risk of falls and choking

'''Suicidal thoughts in young people

*May increase the risk of suicidal thoughts in young people under 24 years old, especially in the first few months of treatment or with dose changes
*Close monitoring is required for children/teens taking aripiprazole

'''Use cautiously in patients with a history of seizures or with conditions that lower the seizure threshold.

'''Dysphagia

*Esophageal dysmotility and aspiration associated with antipsychotic drug use
*Use cautiously in patients at risk for aspiration pneumonia

'''Monitoring Requirements
*Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, weight, and signs of extrapyramidal symptoms
*Perform complete blood count (CBC) in patients with pre-existing low white blood cell count (WBC) or history of drug-induced leukopenia/neutropenia
*Monitor heart rate and blood pressure and warn patients with known cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, and risk of dehydration or syncope

'''Drug Interactions

*Avoid strong CYP3A4 inducers and inhibitors

==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
* Take brexpiprazole once daily with or without food, at the same time each day.

''What should I avoid while taking brexpiprazole?
*Avoid alcohol, and activities requiring alertness until you know how the medication affects you. Avoid overheating and dehydration

'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
*Take the missed dose as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not double doses.

Risperidone

2024-07-08T09:09:23Z

Helen:

[[Category: Drugs]]

[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Atypical antipsychotic ]]

[[:Category: Antipsychotic Drug | '''Antipsychotic Drug''']]

'''Drug class: [[:Category: Atypical antipsychotic | Atypical antipsychotic ]]

'''Risperidone (RISPERDAL)'''（中文：[[利培酮]]）

==Pronunciation==
===Risperidone 1mg===
[[File:Risperidone 1mg.mp3]]

===Risperidone 2mg===
[[File:Risperidone 2mg.mp3]]

===Risperidone orodispersible 1mg===
[[File:Risperidone orodispersible 1mg.mp3]]

===Risperidone orodispersible 2mg===
[[File:Risperidone orodispersible 2mg.mp3]]

==Common Strengths of Brexpiprazole Tablet==
Brexpiprazole tablets are available in the following strengths:
* 0.25 mg

* 0.5 mg

* 1 mg

* 2 mg

* 3 mg

* 4 mg

==Drug Trade Names of BrexpiprazoleBrexpiprazole Tablet==
Rexulti is the trade name for Brexpiprazole:

==Drug Usage==
Brexpiprazole is used for:
* Treatment of schizophrenia
* Adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD)
* Treatment of agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease

==Mechanism of Action==
Brexpiprazole acts as a partial agonist at dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors and as an antagonist at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. It modulates dopaminergic and

serotonergic activity to improve symptoms of schizophrenia and depression

==Route of Administration==
Brexpiprazole is administered orally in the form of tablets or liquid solution.

==Dosages==
* Schizophrenia (Adults): Initial dose of 1 mg once daily, titrated to 2 mg on Day 5 to 7, and up to 4 mg by Day 8. Target dose: 2 to 4 mg daily. Maximum dose: 4 mg/day.

* Depression (Adults): Initial dose of 0.5 mg or 1 mg once daily, titrated to 2 mg daily. Maximum dose: 3 mg/day.
* Pediatric Schizophrenia (13-17 years): Initial dose of 0.5 mg once daily, titrated to 1 mg on Day 5 to 7, and up to 2 mg by Day 8. Maximum dose: 4 mg/day.

For patients with moderate to severe renal impairment, the dosage of brexpiprazole should be reduced to a maximum of 3 mg per day for schizophrenia and 2 mg per day for MDD.

No adjustment is needed for mild renal impairment.

==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''Common
| Weight gain
|-
| Akathisia (feeling of restlessness, constant urge to move)
|-
| Headache
|-
| Drowsiness/sleepiness
|-
| Dizziness
|-
| Nausea
|-
| Constipation
|-
| Indigestion/heartburn
|-
| Increased appetite
|-
| Fatigue/tiredness
|-
| Tremor
|-
| Stuffy or runny nose
|-
| rowspan="13" | '''Uncommon
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (high fever, muscle stiffness, confusion)
|-
| Tardive dyskinesia (uncontrolled muscle movements)
|-
| High blood sugar/diabetes
|-
| Orthostatic hypotension (dizziness when standing up)
|-
| Seizures
|-
| Low white blood cell count
|-
| Difficulty swallowing
|-
| Suicidal thoughts or behaviors (especially in young adults)
|-
| Compulsive behaviors (gambling, sexual urges, binge eating)
|-
| Cognitive impairment
|-
| Impaired body temperature regulation
|-
| Stroke in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis
|-
| Allergic reactions (rash, itching, difficulty breathing)
|}

==Pharmacokinetics==
*Absorption
**Peak plasma concentration within 4 hours.
*Metabolism
**Primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6.
*Excretion
**25% in urine and 46% in feces. Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 91 hours.

Initial effects: Some patients may begin to see improvements within 1 to 2 weeks of starting treatment.

Full Therapeutic Effects: The best results are typically observed after 4 to 6 weeks for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD) For agitation associated with

dementia due to Alzheimer's disease, significant results may be seen in about 12 weeks.

==Drug Precautions==
'''Increased risk in elderly patients

*Should not be used to treat dementia-related psychosis in older adults due to increased risk of stroke and death
*May cause drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty swallowing in elderly patients, increasing the risk of falls and choking

'''Suicidal thoughts in young people

*May increase the risk of suicidal thoughts in young people under 24 years old, especially in the first few months of treatment or with dose changes
*Close monitoring is required for children/teens taking aripiprazole

'''Use cautiously in patients with a history of seizures or with conditions that lower the seizure threshold.

'''Dysphagia

*Esophageal dysmotility and aspiration associated with antipsychotic drug use
*Use cautiously in patients at risk for aspiration pneumonia

'''Monitoring Requirements
*Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, weight, and signs of extrapyramidal symptoms
*Perform complete blood count (CBC) in patients with pre-existing low white blood cell count (WBC) or history of drug-induced leukopenia/neutropenia
*Monitor heart rate and blood pressure and warn patients with known cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, and risk of dehydration or syncope

'''Drug Interactions

*Avoid strong CYP3A4 inducers and inhibitors

==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
* Take brexpiprazole once daily with or without food, at the same time each day.

''What should I avoid while taking brexpiprazole?
*Avoid alcohol, and activities requiring alertness until you know how the medication affects you. Avoid overheating and dehydration

'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
*Take the missed dose as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not double doses.

Category:Atypical antipsychotic

2024-07-08T09:03:43Z

Helen:

[[Category: Antipsychotic Drug]]

'''Atypical antipsychotic'''（中文：[[:Category: | ]]）

Category:Antipsychotic Drug

2024-07-08T09:00:30Z

Helen:

[[Category: Drugs]]

'''Antipsychotic Drug（中文：[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | 抗精神病藥]]）

Category:Atypical antipsychotic

2024-07-08T08:59:31Z

Helen: Blanked the page

Brexpiprazole

2024-07-08T08:58:02Z

Helen: Created page with "Category: DrugsCategory: Atypical antipsychotic '''Antipsychotic Drug''' '''Drug class: :Category: Atypical antipsychotic | A..."

[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Atypical antipsychotic ]]

[[:Category: Antipsychotic Drug | '''Antipsychotic Drug''']]

'''Drug class: [[:Category: Atypical antipsychotic | Atypical antipsychotic ]]

'''Brexpiprazole (Rexulti)'''（中文：[[銳思定]]）

==Common Strengths of Brexpiprazole Tablet==
Brexpiprazole tablets are available in the following strengths:
* 0.25 mg

* 0.5 mg

* 1 mg

* 2 mg

* 3 mg

* 4 mg

==Drug Trade Names of BrexpiprazoleBrexpiprazole Tablet==
Rexulti is the trade name for Brexpiprazole:

==Drug Usage==
Brexpiprazole is used for:
* Treatment of schizophrenia
* Adjunctive treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD)
* Treatment of agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer's disease

==Mechanism of Action==
Brexpiprazole acts as a partial agonist at dopamine D2 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors and as an antagonist at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. It modulates dopaminergic and

serotonergic activity to improve symptoms of schizophrenia and depression

==Route of Administration==
Brexpiprazole is administered orally in the form of tablets or liquid solution.

==Dosages==
* Schizophrenia (Adults): Initial dose of 1 mg once daily, titrated to 2 mg on Day 5 to 7, and up to 4 mg by Day 8. Target dose: 2 to 4 mg daily. Maximum dose: 4 mg/day.

* Depression (Adults): Initial dose of 0.5 mg or 1 mg once daily, titrated to 2 mg daily. Maximum dose: 3 mg/day.
* Pediatric Schizophrenia (13-17 years): Initial dose of 0.5 mg once daily, titrated to 1 mg on Day 5 to 7, and up to 2 mg by Day 8. Maximum dose: 4 mg/day.

For patients with moderate to severe renal impairment, the dosage of brexpiprazole should be reduced to a maximum of 3 mg per day for schizophrenia and 2 mg per day for MDD.

No adjustment is needed for mild renal impairment.

==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="12" | '''Common
| Weight gain
|-
| Akathisia (feeling of restlessness, constant urge to move)
|-
| Headache
|-
| Drowsiness/sleepiness
|-
| Dizziness
|-
| Nausea
|-
| Constipation
|-
| Indigestion/heartburn
|-
| Increased appetite
|-
| Fatigue/tiredness
|-
| Tremor
|-
| Stuffy or runny nose
|-
| rowspan="13" | '''Uncommon
| Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (high fever, muscle stiffness, confusion)
|-
| Tardive dyskinesia (uncontrolled muscle movements)
|-
| High blood sugar/diabetes
|-
| Orthostatic hypotension (dizziness when standing up)
|-
| Seizures
|-
| Low white blood cell count
|-
| Difficulty swallowing
|-
| Suicidal thoughts or behaviors (especially in young adults)
|-
| Compulsive behaviors (gambling, sexual urges, binge eating)
|-
| Cognitive impairment
|-
| Impaired body temperature regulation
|-
| Stroke in elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis
|-
| Allergic reactions (rash, itching, difficulty breathing)
|}

==Pharmacokinetics==
*Absorption
**Peak plasma concentration within 4 hours.
*Metabolism
**Primarily metabolized by CYP3A4 and CYP2D6.
*Excretion
**25% in urine and 46% in feces. Terminal elimination half-life is approximately 91 hours.

Initial effects: Some patients may begin to see improvements within 1 to 2 weeks of starting treatment.

Full Therapeutic Effects: The best results are typically observed after 4 to 6 weeks for schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (MDD) For agitation associated with

dementia due to Alzheimer's disease, significant results may be seen in about 12 weeks.

==Drug Precautions==
'''Increased risk in elderly patients

*Should not be used to treat dementia-related psychosis in older adults due to increased risk of stroke and death
*May cause drowsiness, dizziness, and difficulty swallowing in elderly patients, increasing the risk of falls and choking

'''Suicidal thoughts in young people

*May increase the risk of suicidal thoughts in young people under 24 years old, especially in the first few months of treatment or with dose changes
*Close monitoring is required for children/teens taking aripiprazole

'''Use cautiously in patients with a history of seizures or with conditions that lower the seizure threshold.

'''Dysphagia

*Esophageal dysmotility and aspiration associated with antipsychotic drug use
*Use cautiously in patients at risk for aspiration pneumonia

'''Monitoring Requirements
*Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, weight, and signs of extrapyramidal symptoms
*Perform complete blood count (CBC) in patients with pre-existing low white blood cell count (WBC) or history of drug-induced leukopenia/neutropenia
*Monitor heart rate and blood pressure and warn patients with known cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, and risk of dehydration or syncope

'''Drug Interactions

*Avoid strong CYP3A4 inducers and inhibitors

==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
* Take brexpiprazole once daily with or without food, at the same time each day.

''What should I avoid while taking brexpiprazole?
*Avoid alcohol, and activities requiring alertness until you know how the medication affects you. Avoid overheating and dehydration

'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
*Take the missed dose as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not double doses.

Category:Antipsychotic Drug

2024-07-08T08:45:23Z

Helen: Replaced content with "Category: Drugs '''Antipsychotic Drug（中文：抗精神病藥）"

[[Category: Drugs]]

'''Antipsychotic Drug（中文：[[:Category: 抗精神病藥 | 抗精神病藥]]）