Lorazepam - Revision history

Zeki at 03:29, 13 September 2024

2024-09-13T03:29:20Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:29, 12 September 2024
Line 5:		Line 5:
	'''Drug class: [[:Category: Benzodiazepine \| Benzodiazepine, BDZs]]		'''Drug class: [[:Category: Benzodiazepine \| Benzodiazepine, BDZs]]

	'''Lorazepam'''(中文:[[ 勞拉西泮 ]]) is a short-acting benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant properties. It is used:		'''Lorazepam (Ativan)'''(中文:[[ 勞拉西泮 ]]) is a short-acting benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant properties. It is used:
	*In the short-term treatment of severe anxiety disorders;		*In the short-term treatment of severe anxiety disorders;
	*As a hypnotic in the short-term treatment of insomnia;		*As a hypnotic in the short-term treatment of insomnia;
Line 37:		Line 37:
	\|P1S1S3 & Part 1 Dangerous Drug		\|P1S1S3 & Part 1 Dangerous Drug
	\|}		\|}

			==Drug Usage==
			*Anxiety disorders
			*Insomnia due to anxiety or stress
			*Status epilepticus
			*Pre-operative sedation

	==Mechanism of Action==		==Mechanism of Action==
Line 44:		Line 50:
	*Lorazepam by binding to the benzodiazepine receptors results in activation of the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex, resulting in inhibition of nerve impulses, overall depression of brain and spinal cord.		*Lorazepam by binding to the benzodiazepine receptors results in activation of the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex, resulting in inhibition of nerve impulses, overall depression of brain and spinal cord.
	*The anticonvulsant properties of lorazepam come from binding to sodium channels.		*The anticonvulsant properties of lorazepam come from binding to sodium channels.

			==Route of Administration==
			Oral (tablets, solution), intramuscular injection, intravenous injection

	==Dosage==		==Dosage==

Zeki at 05:49, 26 August 2024

2024-08-26T05:49:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:49, 26 August 2024
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Benzodiazepine]]		[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Benzodiazepine]]

	[[:Category: ~~Antidepressant Drug~~ \| '''~~Antidepressant Drug~~''']]		[[:Category: Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs \| '''Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs''']]

	'''Drug class: [[:Category: Benzodiazepine \| Benzodiazepine, BDZs]]		'''Drug class: [[:Category: Benzodiazepine \| Benzodiazepine, BDZs]]

Zeki at 05:13, 26 August 2024

2024-08-26T05:13:18Z

Show changes

Zeki at 03:05, 26 August 2024

2024-08-26T03:05:22Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:05, 25 August 2024
Line 94:		Line 94:
	\| colspan="2" \| '''Note: Lorazepam carries risks of dependence and withdrawal. It should be used under close medical supervision and not stopped abruptly.		\| colspan="2" \| '''Note: Lorazepam carries risks of dependence and withdrawal. It should be used under close medical supervision and not stopped abruptly.
	\|}		\|}

			==Pharmacokinetics==
			*Onset: 1 to 5 minutes (IV), 15 to 30 minutes (IM), 1 to 2 hours (Oral)
			*Duration: 6 to hours
			*Half-life: 12 to 18 hours
			*Metabolism: Lorazepam is primarily metabolized in the liver through glucuronidation to form an inactive metabolite. This metabolic pathway dose not involve cytochrome P450 enzymes, making it relatively unaffected by liver dysfunction.
			*Excretion: It is primarily excreted in the urine.

			==Drug Precautions==
			'''Pregnancy

			Potential risk of congenital malformations; use only if benefits outweigh risks.

			'''Breastfeeding

			Excreted in breast milk; not recommended.

			'''Children and Elderly

			Not recommended for children under 12; lower doses for elderly.

			'''Monitoring Requirements

			Respiratory rate, sedation level, signs of abuse/dependence.

			'''Drug Interactions

			Avoid alcohol, opioids, and other CNS depressants.
			*Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants:
			**Opioids, alcohol, barbiturates, antipsychotics, sedatives/hypnotics, anxiolytics, antidepressants, narcotic analgesics, sedative antihistamines, anticonvulsants, and anesthetics can increase the CNS-depressant effects of lorazepam, leading to excessive sedation and respiratory depression.
			**Concomitant use of lorazepam with opioids can cause serious, life-threatening, and fatal respiratory depression.
			*Valproate:
			**Concurrent administration of lorazepam with valproate results in increased plasma concentrations and reduced clearance of lorazepam. Lorazepam dosage should be reduced by approximately 50%.
			*Theophylline or Aminophylline:
			**Administration of theophylline or aminophylline may reduce the sedative effects of lorazepam.
			*Clozapine:
			**Concomitant use of clozapine and lorazepam may produce marked sedation, excessive sailvation, hypotension, ataxia, delirium, and respiratory arrest.

			==FAQ==
			'''How Should I Take Lorazepam?

			Take exactly as prescribed, usually 2 to 3 times daily with or without food.

			'''What Should I Avoid While Taking?

			Alcohol, driving/operating machinery until effects are known

			'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?

			Take as soon as remembered if not close to the next dose; do not double up.

Zeki: /* Side Effects */

2024-08-26T02:50:46Z

Side Effects

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:50, 25 August 2024
Line 69:		Line 69:
	\| Constipation		\| Constipation
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan="2" \| ~~'''~~The incidence of sedation and unsteadiness increase with age. Lorazepam can impair both explicit and implicit memory more profoundly than other benzodiazepines.~~'''~~		\| colspan="2" \| The incidence of sedation and unsteadiness increase with age. Lorazepam can impair both explicit and implicit memory more profoundly than other benzodiazepines.
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="9" \| '''Serious		\| rowspan="9" \| '''Serious
Line 90:		Line 90:
	\| Withdrawal symptoms if abruptly discontinued after long-term use		\| Withdrawal symptoms if abruptly discontinued after long-term use
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan="2" \| ~~'''~~Lorazepam's effects are dose-dependent. Using the smallest effective dose minimizes adverse effects. Sedative drugs like lorazepam have been associated with increased mortality risk.		\| colspan="2" \| Lorazepam's effects are dose-dependent. Using the smallest effective dose minimizes adverse effects. Sedative drugs like lorazepam have been associated with increased mortality risk.
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan="2" \| '''Note: Lorazepam carries risks of dependence and withdrawal. It should be used under close medical supervision and not stopped abruptly.		\| colspan="2" \| '''Note: Lorazepam carries risks of dependence and withdrawal. It should be used under close medical supervision and not stopped abruptly.
	\|}		\|}

Zeki: /* Side Effects */

2024-08-26T02:50:21Z

Side Effects

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:50, 25 August 2024
Line 36:		Line 36:
	!Adverse reactions		!Adverse reactions
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="17" \| '''Common		\| rowspan="16" \| '''Common
	~~\| '''The incidence of sedation and unsteadiness increase with age. Lorazepam can impair both explicit and implicit memory more profoundly than other benzodiazepines.'''~~
	\|-
	\| Sedation (15.9%)		\| Sedation (15.9%)
	\|-		\|-
Line 70:		Line 68:
	\|-		\|-
	\| Constipation		\| Constipation
			\|-
			\| colspan="2" \| '''The incidence of sedation and unsteadiness increase with age. Lorazepam can impair both explicit and implicit memory more profoundly than other benzodiazepines.'''
	\|-		\|-
	\| rowspan="9" \| '''Serious		\| rowspan="9" \| '''Serious

Zeki: /* Side Effects */

2024-08-26T02:49:27Z

Side Effects

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:49, 25 August 2024
Line 93:		Line 93:
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan="2" \| '''Note: Lorazepam carries risks of dependence and withdrawal. It should be used under close medical supervision and not stopped abruptly.		\| colspan="2" \| '''Note: Lorazepam carries risks of dependence and withdrawal. It should be used under close medical supervision and not stopped abruptly.
	\|}
	\|}		\|}

Zeki: /* Side Effects */

2024-08-26T02:49:18Z

Side Effects

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:49, 25 August 2024
Line 91:		Line 91:
	\|-		\|-
	\| colspan="2" \| '''Lorazepam's effects are dose-dependent. Using the smallest effective dose minimizes adverse effects. Sedative drugs like lorazepam have been associated with increased mortality risk.		\| colspan="2" \| '''Lorazepam's effects are dose-dependent. Using the smallest effective dose minimizes adverse effects. Sedative drugs like lorazepam have been associated with increased mortality risk.
			\|-
			\| colspan="2" \| '''Note: Lorazepam carries risks of dependence and withdrawal. It should be used under close medical supervision and not stopped abruptly.
			\|}
	\|}		\|}

Zeki: /* Side Effects */

2024-08-26T02:48:07Z

Side Effects

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:48, 25 August 2024
Line 90:		Line 90:
	\| Withdrawal symptoms if abruptly discontinued after long-term use		\| Withdrawal symptoms if abruptly discontinued after long-term use
	\|-		\|-
	\| '''Lorazepam's effects are dose-dependent. Using the smallest effective dose minimizes adverse effects. Sedative drugs like lorazepam have been associated with increased mortality risk.		\| colspan="2" \| '''Lorazepam's effects are dose-dependent. Using the smallest effective dose minimizes adverse effects. Sedative drugs like lorazepam have been associated with increased mortality risk.
	\|}		\|}

Zeki at 02:47, 26 August 2024

2024-08-26T02:47:36Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:47, 25 August 2024
Line 6:		Line 6:

	'''Lorazepam (ATIVAN)'''（中文：[[勞拉西泮]]）		'''Lorazepam (ATIVAN)'''（中文：[[勞拉西泮]]）
			==Common Strengths of Lorazepam==
			Lorazepam are available in the following strengths:
			*Tablets: 0.5 mg, 1 mg, 2 mg
			*Oral solution: 2 mg/mL
			*Injection solution: 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL

			==Drug Trade Names of Lorazepam==
			Ativan

			==Drug Usage==
			*Anxiety disorders
			*Insomnia due to anxiety or stress
			*Status epilepticus
			*Pre-operative sedation

			==Mechanism of Action==
			Lorazepam enhances the effect of GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, by binding to GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors. This results in sedative, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, and anticonvulsant effects.

			==Route of Administration==
			Oral (tablets, solution), intramuscular injection, intravenous injection

			==Dosages==
			*For anxiety: 2-3 mg/day in divided doses, maximum 10 mg/day
			*Elderly or debilitated patients: Start with 1 to 2 mg/day in divided doses

			==Side Effects==
			{\| class="wikitable"
			!style="text-align: left"\| Frequency
			!Adverse reactions
			\|-
			\| rowspan="17" \| '''Common
			\| '''The incidence of sedation and unsteadiness increase with age. Lorazepam can impair both explicit and implicit memory more profoundly than other benzodiazepines.'''
			\|-
			\| Sedation (15.9%)
			\|-
			\| Dizziness (6.9%)
			\|-
			\| Weakness (4.2%)
			\|-
			\| Unsteadiness (3.4%)
			\|-
			\| Drowsiness
			\|-
			\| Fatigue
			\|-
			\| Confusion
			\|-
			\| Amnesia
			\|-
			\| Ataxia
			\|-
			\| Respiratory depression
			\|-
			\| Hypotension
			\|-
			\| Vertigo
			\|-
			\| Visual disturbances
			\|-
			\| Dysarthria
			\|-
			\| Nausea
			\|-
			\| Constipation
			\|-
			\| rowspan="9" \| '''Serious
			\| Respiratory depression and failure
			\|-
			\| Seizures
			\|-
			\| Suicidal ideation/attempt
			\|-
			\| Dependence and abuse
			\|-
			\| Tachycardia
			\|-
			\| Blood dyscrasias
			\|-
			\| Jaundice
			\|-
			\| Paradoxical reactions (hyperactive and aggressive behavior)
			\|-
			\| Withdrawal symptoms if abruptly discontinued after long-term use
			\|-
			\| '''Lorazepam's effects are dose-dependent. Using the smallest effective dose minimizes adverse effects. Sedative drugs like lorazepam have been associated with increased mortality risk.
			\|}