Memantine - Revision history

Zeki at 07:13, 7 November 2024

2024-11-07T07:13:27Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:13, 7 November 2024
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	'''Memantine (EBIXA)''' (中文：[[美金剛]])		'''Memantine (EBIXA)''' (中文：[[美金剛]])
			==Common Strengths of Memantine==
			* 10 mg, 20 mg

			==Drug Trade Names==
			*Ebixa

			==Drug Usage==
			Memantine is primarily used in the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease.

			==Mechanism of Action==
			Memantine blocks the NMDA receptors in the brain, which are activated by glutamate. This action helps prevent excessive neuronal excitability and protects against excitotoxicity, which can lead to neuronal death. Unlike complete antagonist, memantine allows for normal synaptic transmission at physiological levels of glutamate.

			==Route of Administration==
			*Oral tablet

			==Dosages==
			*Start at 5 mg once daily, increasing to a maximum of 10 mg twice daily.

			==Side Effects==
			{\| class="wikitable"
			!style="text-align: left"\| Frequency
			!Adverse reactions
			\|-
			\| rowspan="5" \| '''Common Side Effects
			\| Dizziness
			\|-
			\| Confusion
			\|-
			\| Headache
			\|-
			\| Constipation
			\|-
			\| Diarrhea
			\|-
			\| rowspan="3" \| '''Serious Side Effects
			\| Hallucinations
			\|-
			\| Severe allergic reactions (e.g. difficulty breathing)
			\|-
			\| Shortness of breath
			\|}

			==Pharmacokinetics==
			*Memantine undergoes minimal metabolism, primarily in the liver. It is not significantly affected by cytochrome P450 enzyme, which reduces the potential for drug interactions.
			*Excretion: Approximately 57% to 82% of memantine is excreted unchanged in urine.
			*Half-Life: The terminal elimination half-life ranges from 60 to 80 hours, allowing for once-daily dosing in clinical settings.
			*Onset Time: Typically, within hours after administration.
			*Duration: Effects can last up to 24 hours.

			==Drug Precautions==
			'''Pregnancy

			The safety of memantine during pregnancy has not been firmly established.

			'''Breastfeeding

			The effects of memantine during breastfeeding are also unknown; thus, caution is advised.

			'''Children and Elderly
			*Children: Safety and efficacy have not been established in pediatric populations.
			*Elderly: Dosage adjustments may be necessary due to increased sensitivity and potential renal impairment.

			'''Drug Monitoring Items

			Monitoring should include:
			*Renal function (eGFR)
			*Neurological status (cognition and behavior changes)
			*Side effects such as dizziness, constipation, headache, and drowsiness. Serious adverse effects such as confusion or hallucinations should prompt immediate reevaluation of the treatment plan

			'''Drug Interactions

			Memantine can interact with several medications, leading to increased side effects or reduced effectiveness. Key interactions include:
			*NMDA Antagonists: Co-administration with other NMDA antagonists such as amantadine and dextromethorphan (cough suppressant) should be approached with caution, as they may enhance the adverse reaction associated with memantine.
			*Antacid: Certain antacids containing sodium bicarbonate can alter the excretion of memantine, potentially increasing its levels in the body.
			*Warfarin: There is a caution regarding the concurrent use of warfarin, a blood thinner, due to potential alterations in its effectiveness when combined with memantine.

			==FAQ==
			'''How Should I Take the Tablet?

			It can be taken with or without food.

			'''What Should I Avoid While Taking?

			Avoid alcohol and medications that can affect kidney function without consulting your healthcare provider. Additionally, avoid taking other NMDA antagonists concurrently.

			'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?

			If you miss a dose, take it as soon as you remember unless it is almost time for your next dose. Do not double up on doses.

Zeki: Replaced content with "Category: DrugsCategory: NMDA receptor antagonist '''Antidementia Drug''' '''Drug class: :Category: NMDA receptor antagonist..."

2024-11-07T06:25:02Z

Replaced content with "Category: Drugs Category: NMDA receptor antagonist '''Antidementia Drug''' '''Drug class: :Category: NMDA receptor antagonist..."

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-[[Category: Drugs]] [[Category: Glutamate receptor antagonist ]]
+[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: NMDA receptor antagonist]]
-==Drug Names==
+[[:Category: Antidementia Drug | '''Antidementia Drug''']]
-==Mechanism of Action==
+'''Drug class: [[:Category: NMDA receptor antagonist | NMDA Receptor Antagonist]]'''
-==Dosage==
+'''Memantine (EBIXA)''' (中文：[[美金剛]])

Helen: /* Dosage */

2020-10-12T06:15:45Z

Dosage

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:15, 12 October 2020
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	==Dosage==		==Dosage==

	By Oral: initially 5 mg once daily, increased in steps of 5 mg at weekly intervals to a maximum dose of 20 mg daily.		{\| class="wikitable"
			!style="text-align: left"\| By Oral
			\|initially 5 mg once daily, increased in steps of 5 mg at weekly intervals to a maximum dose of 20 mg daily.
			\|}

	Clinical benefit should be assessed on a regular basis.		Clinical benefit should be assessed on a regular basis.

	==Side Effects==		==Side Effects==

Helen: /* 藥名 */

2020-10-12T06:15:13Z

藥名

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:15, 12 October 2020
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	'''Memantine''' (中文: [[美金剛]])is a glutamate receptor antagonist. It is used to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease.		'''Memantine''' (中文: [[美金剛]])is a glutamate receptor antagonist. It is used to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease.

	==藥名==		==Drug Names==
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!Generic Name 藥名		!Generic Name 藥名

Helen at 06:59, 8 October 2020

2020-10-08T06:59:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:59, 8 October 2020
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	[[Category: Drugs]] [[Category: Glutamate receptor antagonist ]]		[[Category: Drugs]] [[Category: Glutamate receptor antagonist ]]
	'''Memantine''' is a glutamate receptor antagonist. It is used to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease.		'''Memantine''' (中文: [[美金剛]])is a glutamate receptor antagonist. It is used to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease.

			==藥名==
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!Generic Name 藥名		!Generic Name 藥名

Ctol2: /* Pharmacokinetics */

2020-09-30T09:57:44Z

Pharmacokinetics

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:57, 30 September 2020
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	\|Ranges from 60 to 100 hours		\|Ranges from 60 to 100 hours
	\|}		\|}


	===How long does it take for donepezil to take effect?===		===How long does it take for donepezil to take effect?===

Ctol2: /* Side Effects= */

2020-09-30T09:57:32Z

Side Effects=

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:57, 30 September 2020
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	Clinical benefit should be assessed on a regular basis.		Clinical benefit should be assessed on a regular basis.

	=Side Effects==		==Side Effects==
	Common side effects include		Common side effects include
	*Constipation		*Constipation

Ctol2 at 09:57, 30 September 2020

2020-09-30T09:57:24Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:57, 30 September 2020
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Category: Drugs]] [[Category:Glutamate receptor antagonist ]]		[[Category: Drugs]] [[Category: Glutamate receptor antagonist ]]
			'''Memantine''' is a glutamate receptor antagonist. It is used to treat moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease.
	~~==Introduction==~~
	Memantine, is a glutamate receptor antagonist. It is used to treat moderate to
	severe Alzheimer’s disease.


	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
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	==Mechanism of Action==		==Mechanism of Action==
	Glutamate receptor antagonist		Glutamate receptor antagonist


	==Dosage==		==Dosage==
Line 25:		Line 20:

	Clinical benefit should be assessed on a regular basis.		Clinical benefit should be assessed on a regular basis.


	=Side Effects==		=Side Effects==

	Common side effects include		Common side effects include
	*Constipation		*Constipation
Line 43:		Line 36:

	==Pharmacokinetics==		==Pharmacokinetics==

	{\| class = "wikitable"		{\| class = "wikitable"
	!style="text-align: left"\| Oral bioavailability		!style="text-align: left"\| Oral bioavailability
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	=====How long does it take for donepezil to take effect?=====		===How long does it take for donepezil to take effect?===
	Donepezil may take as long as 12 weeks to begin working.		Donepezil may take as long as 12 weeks to begin working.

	=====What time of day should donepezil be taken?=====		===What time of day should donepezil be taken?===
	It is usually taken once a day with or without food, just before bedtime. Take donepezil at around the same time every day.		It is usually taken once a day with or without food, just before bedtime. Take donepezil at around the same time every day.

	=====Why is donepezil taken at night?=====		===Why is donepezil taken at night?===
	Donepezil is taken at night because it can cause irregular or slow heartbeat for some patients, which can cause fainting. When it is taken at bedtime, affected patients will be able to sleep through those side effects.		Donepezil is taken at night because it can cause irregular or slow heartbeat for some patients, which can cause fainting. When it is taken at bedtime, affected patients will be able to sleep through those side effects.


	==Drug Management==		==Drug Management==
	~~'''~~Monitoring:		===Monitoring===
	*No routine monitoring required for toxicity		*No routine monitoring required for toxicity
	Monitoring Efficacy		Monitoring Efficacy
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	*It may take months for any noticeable improvement		*It may take months for any noticeable improvement

	~~'''~~Caution :		===Caution===
	*Genitourinary conditions: Conditions that raise urine pH may decrease the urinary elimination of memantine		*Genitourinary conditions: Conditions that raise urine pH may decrease the urinary elimination of memantine
	*Hepatic impairment: Precaution use in severe hepatic impairment; effects of impairment on pharmacokinetics have not been established		*Hepatic impairment: Precaution use in severe hepatic impairment; effects of impairment on pharmacokinetics have not been established

	~~'''~~Contraindications:		===Contraindications===
	It is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to memantine.		It is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to memantine.


	==FAQ==		==FAQ==
			=== How should I take Memantine hydrochloride ?===
	==== How should I take Memantine hydrochloride ?====
	Memantine hydrochloride should be administered orally once a day. To benefit from your medicine you should take it daily around the same time. The tablets should be swallowed with plenty of water. The tablets can be taken with or without food.		Memantine hydrochloride should be administered orally once a day. To benefit from your medicine you should take it daily around the same time. The tablets should be swallowed with plenty of water. The tablets can be taken with or without food.

	====What should I avoid while taking?====		===What should I avoid while taking?===
	Avoid abruptly discontinue the medication.		Avoid abruptly discontinue the medication.

	==== What happen if I overdose?====		===What happen if I overdose?===
	Contact your primary care doctor.		Contact your primary care doctor.
	If emergency situation, call 999		If emergency situation, call 999

	==== What happen if I miss a dose?====		=== What happen if I miss a dose?===
	Take it as soon as you		Take it as soon as you
	remember. If it is near the time		remember. If it is near the time

Helen: /* Pharmacokinetics */

2020-09-30T06:51:55Z

Pharmacokinetics

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:51, 30 September 2020
Line 67:		Line 67:
	=====Why is donepezil taken at night?=====		=====Why is donepezil taken at night?=====
	Donepezil is taken at night because it can cause irregular or slow heartbeat for some patients, which can cause fainting. When it is taken at bedtime, affected patients will be able to sleep through those side effects.		Donepezil is taken at night because it can cause irregular or slow heartbeat for some patients, which can cause fainting. When it is taken at bedtime, affected patients will be able to sleep through those side effects.


			==Drug Management==
			'''Monitoring:
			*No routine monitoring required for toxicity
			Monitoring Efficacy
			*Activities of daily living and cognitive functioning improvements
			*Slowing in the progression of decline in cognitive function and memory impairment
			*It may take months for any noticeable improvement

			'''Caution :
			*Genitourinary conditions: Conditions that raise urine pH may decrease the urinary elimination of memantine
			*Hepatic impairment: Precaution use in severe hepatic impairment; effects of impairment on pharmacokinetics have not been established

			'''Contraindications:
			It is contraindicated in patients with a known hypersensitivity to memantine.


			==FAQ==

			==== How should I take Memantine hydrochloride ?====
			Memantine hydrochloride should be administered orally once a day. To benefit from your medicine you should take it daily around the same time. The tablets should be swallowed with plenty of water. The tablets can be taken with or without food.

			====What should I avoid while taking?====
			Avoid abruptly discontinue the medication.

			==== What happen if I overdose?====
			Contact your primary care doctor.
			If emergency situation, call 999

			==== What happen if I miss a dose?====
			Take it as soon as you
			remember. If it is near the time
			of the next dose, skip the missed
			dose. Take your next dose at the
			regular time. Do not double the
			dose to catch up.

Helen: /* Why is donepezil taken at night? */

2020-09-30T06:44:25Z

Why is donepezil taken at night?

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:44, 30 September 2020
Line 65:		Line 65:
	It is usually taken once a day with or without food, just before bedtime. Take donepezil at around the same time every day.		It is usually taken once a day with or without food, just before bedtime. Take donepezil at around the same time every day.

	====Why is donepezil taken at night?====		=====Why is donepezil taken at night?=====
	Donepezil is taken at night because it can cause irregular or slow heartbeat for some patients, which can cause fainting. When it is taken at bedtime, affected patients will be able to sleep through those side effects.		Donepezil is taken at night because it can cause irregular or slow heartbeat for some patients, which can cause fainting. When it is taken at bedtime, affected patients will be able to sleep through those side effects.