Morphine - Revision history

Annayung at 13:15, 11 October 2020

2020-10-11T13:15:48Z

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	[[Category: Drugs]] [[Category: Non-opioid Analgesic]] [[Category: Pain relief]]		[[Category: Drugs]] [[Category: Non-opioid Analgesic]] [[Category: Pain relief]]
	'''Morphine''' is an opioid analgesic with agonist activity mainly at  opioid receptors. Morphine is used for the relief of moderate to severe pain, especially that associated with cancer, myocardial infarction and surgery.		'''Morphine''' is an opioid analgesic with agonist activity mainly at μ opioid receptors. Morphine is used for the relief of moderate to severe pain, especially that associated with cancer, myocardial infarction and surgery.
	==Drug Names==		==Drug Names==
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"

Ctol2: /* For myocardial infarction */

2020-10-09T07:27:00Z

For myocardial infarction

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	===For myocardial infarction===		===For myocardial infarction===
	*Intravenous injection of 5 to 10 mg given at a rate of 1 to 2 mg/minute		Intravenous injection of 5 to 10 mg given at a rate of 1 to 2 mg/minute

	===Doses in children===		===Doses in children===

Ctol2 at 07:18, 9 October 2020

2020-10-09T07:18:30Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:18, 9 October 2020
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	[[Category: Drugs]] [[Category: Non-opioid Analgesic]] [[Category: Pain relief]]		[[Category: Drugs]] [[Category: Non-opioid Analgesic]] [[Category: Pain relief]]
	'''Morphine''' is an opioid analgesic with agonist activity mainly at  opioid receptors. Morphine is used for the relief of moderate to severe pain, especially that associated with cancer, myocardial infarction and surgery.		'''Morphine''' is an opioid analgesic with agonist activity mainly at  opioid receptors. Morphine is used for the relief of moderate to severe pain, especially that associated with cancer, myocardial infarction and surgery.
			==Drug Names==
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!Generic Name 藥名		!Generic Name 藥名

Ctol2: /* Contraindication */

2020-09-30T09:48:40Z

Contraindication

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	Drowsiness may affect the ability to perform skilled tasks; those so affected should not drive or operate machinery.		Drowsiness may affect the ability to perform skilled tasks; those so affected should not drive or operate machinery.

	Morphine should be stopped gradually in patients who may have developed physical dependence, to avoid precipitating withdrawal symptoms (see '''Dependence and Withdrawal''')		Morphine should be stopped gradually in patients who may have developed physical dependence, to avoid precipitating withdrawal symptoms (see '''Dependence and Withdrawal''').

	Abrupt withdrawal of opioids precipitates a withdrawal syndrome. With morphine and diamorphine, withdrawal symptoms usually begin within a few hours, reach a peak within 36 to 72 hours, and then gradually subside; they develop more slowly with methadone.		Abrupt withdrawal of opioids precipitates a withdrawal syndrome. With morphine and diamorphine, withdrawal symptoms usually begin within a few hours, reach a peak within 36 to 72 hours, and then gradually subside; they develop more slowly with methadone.

	===Withdrawal symptom===		===Withdrawal symptom===

Ctol2: /* Drug Management */

2020-09-30T09:48:19Z

Drug Management

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	==Drug Management==		==Drug Management==

	Efficiency: Relief of moderate to severe pain, especially that associated with cancer, myocardial infarction and surgery.		===Efficiency===
			Relief of moderate to severe pain, especially that associated with cancer, myocardial infarction and surgery.

	~~'''~~Contraindication:		===Contraindication===
	*acute respiratory depression and obstructive airways disease		*acute respiratory depression and obstructive airways disease
	*acute alcoholism		*acute alcoholism
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	Drowsiness may affect the ability to perform skilled tasks; those so affected should not drive or operate machinery.		Drowsiness may affect the ability to perform skilled tasks; those so affected should not drive or operate machinery.

	Morphine should be stopped gradually in patients who may have developed physical dependence, to avoid precipitating withdrawal symptoms (see '''Dependence and Withdrawal		Morphine should be stopped gradually in patients who may have developed physical dependence, to avoid precipitating withdrawal symptoms (see '''Dependence and Withdrawal''')
	)

	Abrupt withdrawal of opioids precipitates a withdrawal syndrome. With morphine and diamorphine, withdrawal symptoms usually begin within a few hours, reach a peak within 36 to 72 hours, and then gradually subside; they develop more slowly with methadone.		Abrupt withdrawal of opioids precipitates a withdrawal syndrome. With morphine and diamorphine, withdrawal symptoms usually begin within a few hours, reach a peak within 36 to 72 hours, and then gradually subside; they develop more slowly with methadone.

	~~'''~~Withdrawal symptoms		===Withdrawal symptom===
	include yawning, mydriasis, rhinorrhea, sneezing, muscle tremor, weakness, sweating, nausea vomiting, diarrhea, bone pain, abdominal and muscle cramps, increases in heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and temperature.		Withdrawal symptoms include yawning, mydriasis, rhinorrhea, sneezing, muscle tremor, weakness, sweating, nausea vomiting, diarrhea, bone pain, abdominal and muscle cramps, increases in heart rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure and temperature.

	== FAQ ==		== FAQ ==

Ctol2: /* Doses in children */

2020-09-30T09:40:57Z

Doses in children

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	IV Child dose based on body weight. adjusted if needed.		IV Child dose based on body weight. adjusted if needed.

	Palliative care pain management dose: 20-60 mg in divided dose depends on where the patients was on opioid before.		===Palliative care pain management dose===
			20-60 mg in divided dose depends on where the patients was on opioid before.

	==Side Effects==		==Side Effects==

Ctol2: /* Dosage */

2020-09-30T09:40:34Z

Dosage

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	Morphine is usually administered as the sulphate. Doses are expressed as the salts. Dosage routes include the oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraspinal, and rectal routes.		Morphine is usually administered as the sulphate. Doses are expressed as the salts. Dosage routes include the oral, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraspinal, and rectal routes.

	For ~~'''~~pain:		===For pain===
	*Oral doses are usually equivalent to 5 to 20mg every 4 hours as syrup, or as immediate-release tablet. With modified-release preparations the 24-hour dose is usually given as a single dose or in 2 divided doses. With all modified-release preparations, additional doses of immediate-release tablet may be needed if breakthrough pain occurs.		*Oral doses are usually equivalent to 5 to 20mg every 4 hours as syrup, or as immediate-release tablet. With modified-release preparations the 24-hour dose is usually given as a single dose or in 2 divided doses. With all modified-release preparations, additional doses of immediate-release tablet may be needed if breakthrough pain occurs.
	*Rectally as suppositories in doses of 10 to 30mg every 4 hours.		*Rectally as suppositories in doses of 10 to 30mg every 4 hours.
	*Subcutaneous or intramuscular injection is 10mg every 4 hours but may range from 5 to 20 mg.		*Subcutaneous or intramuscular injection is 10mg every 4 hours but may range from 5 to 20 mg.

	For ~~'''~~myocardial infarction:		===For myocardial infarction===
	*Intravenous injection of 5 to 10 mg given at a rate of 1 to 2 mg/minute		*Intravenous injection of 5 to 10 mg given at a rate of 1 to 2 mg/minute

	~~'''~~Doses in children		===Doses in children===

	The following initial doses are recommended by the BNFC according to age; doses should thereafter be adjusted according to response:		The following initial doses are recommended by the BNFC according to age; doses should thereafter be adjusted according to response:

Ctol2: /* Mechanism of Action */

2020-09-30T09:40:03Z

Mechanism of Action

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	==Mechanism of Action==		==Mechanism of Action==
	Pain relief		Pain relief, Opioid analgesic.
	Opioid analgesic

	Equivalent doses of opioid analgesics		Equivalent doses of opioid analgesics.

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	!Analgesic/Route		!Analgesic / Route
	!Dose		!Dose
	\|-		\|-

Ctol2 at 09:39, 30 September 2020

2020-09-30T09:39:43Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:39, 30 September 2020
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	[[Category: Drugs]] [[Category: Non-opioid Analgesic]] [[Category: Pain relief]]		[[Category: Drugs]] [[Category: Non-opioid Analgesic]] [[Category: Pain relief]]

	'''Morphine''' is an opioid analgesic with agonist activity mainly at  opioid receptors. Morphine is used for the relief of moderate to severe pain, especially that associated with cancer, myocardial infarction and surgery.		'''Morphine''' is an opioid analgesic with agonist activity mainly at  opioid receptors. Morphine is used for the relief of moderate to severe pain, especially that associated with cancer, myocardial infarction and surgery.

Ctol2 at 09:39, 30 September 2020

2020-09-30T09:39:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:39, 30 September 2020
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	[[Category: Drugs]] [[Category: Non-opioid Analgesic]] [[Category: Pain relief]]		[[Category: Drugs]] [[Category: Non-opioid Analgesic]] [[Category: Pain relief]]

	~~== Pronunciation ==~~		'''Morphine''' is an opioid analgesic with agonist activity mainly at  opioid receptors. Morphine is used for the relief of moderate to severe pain, especially that associated with cancer, myocardial infarction and surgery.

	~~==Introduction==~~

	Morphine is an opioid analgesic with agonist activity mainly at  opioid receptors. Morphine is used for the relief of moderate to severe pain, especially that associated with cancer, myocardial infarction and surgery.

	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"