Metoprolol Tartrate: Difference between revisions

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[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Beta blockers]]
[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Beta blockers]]
[[:Category: Cardiovascular Drug | '''Cardiovascular Drug''']]
'''Drug class: [[:Category: Beta blockers | Beta blockers]]
'''Metoprolol Tartrate (LOPRESSOR)''' (中文：[[美托洛爾]])
==Pronunciation==
==Pronunciation==
===Metoprolol tartrate 100mg===
===Metoprolol tartrate 100mg===
Line 6: Line 12:
===Metoprolol tartrate 50mg===
===Metoprolol tartrate 50mg===
[[File:Metoprolol tartrate 50mg.mp3]]
[[File:Metoprolol tartrate 50mg.mp3]]
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Generic Name:
|Metoprolol Tartrate
|-
!style="text-align: left"| Class:
|Cardiovascular Drug
|-
!style="text-align: left"| Subclass:
|Beta blocker
|-
!style="text-align: left"| Legal Classification:
|
|}


==Common Strengths of Metoprolol==
==Common Strengths of Metoprolol==
Metoprolol is available in the following strengths:
Metoprolol is available in the following strengths:
*Immediate-release tablets (Metoprolol tartrate): 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg [1]
*Extended-release tablets (metoprolol succinate): 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg [1]


- Immediate-release tablets (metoprolol tartrate): 25mg, 37.5mg, 50mg, 75mg, 100mg <ref>https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/metoprolol-oral-tablet</ref>
==Drug Trade Name of Metoprolol==
The brand names for metoprolol include:
*Lopressor (immediate-release metoprolol tartrate tablets)
*Betaloc Zok (extended-release metoprolol succinate tablets) [1]


- Extended-release tablets (metoprolol succinate): 25mg, 50mg, 100mg, 200mg
==Mechanism of Action==
Metoprolol is a β1-selective (cardioselective) beta-blocker. It works by blocking the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) on beta-1 receptors in the heart. This slows the heart rate, reduces force of heart contractions, oxygen demand and decreases blood pressure. [1][3]


==Side Effects==
==Route of Administration==
The following definitions of frequencies are used:
Metoprolol is available for:
*Oral administration as immediate-release and extended-release tablets
*Intravenous injection (given by healthcare providers) [1][2]


Very common ≥ 1/10
==Dosages==
 
*Hypertension
Common ≥ 1/100 to < 1/10
**Immediate-release: Typical starting 50 mg once daily, up to 400 mg/day maximum
 
**Extended-release: Typical starting 100 mg once daily, up to 400 mg/day maximum [1]
Uncommon ≥1/1,000 to <1/100
*Heart failure: dosage not specified
 
**Immediate-release: Typical 25-100 mg twice daily
Rare ≥ 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000
**Extended-release: Typical 25-200 mg once daily [3]
 
*Diabetic kidney disease: Dosage not specified, adjust based on patient response.
Very rare < 1/10,000


==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
!Adverse reactions
|-
|-
|Very common
| '''Very common (≥1/10)
|Bradycardia
| Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
|-
|-
| rowspan="4" | Common
| rowspan="4" |'''Common (≥1/100 to <1/10)
|Dizziness
| Dizziness
|-
|-
|Fatigue
| Fatigue
|-
|-
|memory problems
| Memory problems
|-
|-
|Diarrhea
| Diarrhea [1][2]
|-
|-
| rowspan="4" |Uncommon
| rowspan="4" |'''Uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100)
|Depression
| Depression
|-
|-
|Confusion
| Confusion
|-
|-
|Insomnia
| Insomnia
|-
|-
|Rash
| Rash [2]
|-
|-
|Rare
| '''Rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000)
|Nightmare
| Nightmares [2]
|}
|}


==Notes==
==Pharmacokinetics==
<references />
*Well absorbed from GI tract
*Peak plasma levels in 2-4 hours
*Extensively metabolized in liver
*Elimination half-life 6-7 hours
*Excreted in urine [3]
 
==Drug Management==
'''Safety
 
Metoprolol has a boxed warning about not stopping it suddenly, as it may worsen chest pain, increase blood pressure, or cause a heart attack. Stopping should be done gradually under medical supervision. [1]
 
Contraindicated in heart block, sick sinus syndrome, severe bradycardia, severe circulation problems, severe heart failure.
 
Caution in asthma, COPD, diabetes, liver disease. [1][2]
 
'''Pregnancy
 
Metoprolol is classified as pregnancy category C. It should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. [2]
 
'''Breast Feeding
 
Present in breast milk at low levels. Caution advised as it may cause effects in infant. [2]
 
'''Children and Elderly
 
*Children: Dosage not established
 
*Elderly: May need lower doses due to age-related decreased kidney function
 
''' Renal Impairment
 
No dosage adjustment provided in labeling. Use with caution in severe renal impairment. [2]
 
'''Monitoring Requirements
 
Monitor blood pressure, heart rate, signs of worsening heart failure, bronchospasm, and blood glucose levels (in diabetics) during metoprolol therapy. [2][3]
 
'''Drug Interactions
 
Metoprolol can interact with calcium channel blockers, digoxin, epinephrine (adrenaline), antidepressants, antipsychotics, anesthetics, and many other drugs. Careful monitoring is required. [1][2]
 
==FAQs==
'''How should I take the tablet?
 
Take orally with or without food as prescribed. Swallow extended-release capsules whole. [2]
 
'''What should I avoid while taking?
 
Avoid driving or hazardous tasks until you know how metoprolol affects you. Avoid alcohol and decongestants as these may increase some side effects. [2]
 
'''What happens if I miss a dose?
 
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it's near the next dose time, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Do not double the dose. [2]
 
==Reference==
[1] https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/metoprolol-oral-tablet
 
[2] https://www.drugs.com/metoprolol.html
 
[3] https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00264
 
[4] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532923/
 
[5] https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-11207/metoprolol-tartrate-oral/details

Latest revision as of 22:58, 4 September 2024


Cardiovascular Drug

Drug class: Beta blockers

Metoprolol Tartrate (LOPRESSOR) (中文：美托洛爾)

Pronunciation[edit]

Metoprolol tartrate 100mg[edit]

Metoprolol tartrate 50mg[edit]

Common Strengths of Metoprolol[edit]

Metoprolol is available in the following strengths:

  • Immediate-release tablets (Metoprolol tartrate): 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg [1]
  • Extended-release tablets (metoprolol succinate): 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg [1]

Drug Trade Name of Metoprolol[edit]

The brand names for metoprolol include:

  • Lopressor (immediate-release metoprolol tartrate tablets)
  • Betaloc Zok (extended-release metoprolol succinate tablets) [1]

Mechanism of Action[edit]

Metoprolol is a β1-selective (cardioselective) beta-blocker. It works by blocking the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) on beta-1 receptors in the heart. This slows the heart rate, reduces force of heart contractions, oxygen demand and decreases blood pressure. [1][3]

Route of Administration[edit]

Metoprolol is available for:

  • Oral administration as immediate-release and extended-release tablets
  • Intravenous injection (given by healthcare providers) [1][2]

Dosages[edit]

  • Hypertension
    • Immediate-release: Typical starting 50 mg once daily, up to 400 mg/day maximum
    • Extended-release: Typical starting 100 mg once daily, up to 400 mg/day maximum [1]
  • Heart failure: dosage not specified
    • Immediate-release: Typical 25-100 mg twice daily
    • Extended-release: Typical 25-200 mg once daily [3]
  • Diabetic kidney disease: Dosage not specified, adjust based on patient response.

Side Effects[edit]

Frequency Adverse reactions
Very common (≥1/10) Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
Common (≥1/100 to <1/10) Dizziness
Fatigue
Memory problems
Diarrhea [1][2]
Uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100) Depression
Confusion
Insomnia
Rash [2]
Rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000) Nightmares [2]

Pharmacokinetics[edit]

  • Well absorbed from GI tract
  • Peak plasma levels in 2-4 hours
  • Extensively metabolized in liver
  • Elimination half-life 6-7 hours
  • Excreted in urine [3]

Drug Management[edit]

Safety

Metoprolol has a boxed warning about not stopping it suddenly, as it may worsen chest pain, increase blood pressure, or cause a heart attack. Stopping should be done gradually under medical supervision. [1]

Contraindicated in heart block, sick sinus syndrome, severe bradycardia, severe circulation problems, severe heart failure.

Caution in asthma, COPD, diabetes, liver disease. [1][2]

Pregnancy

Metoprolol is classified as pregnancy category C. It should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. [2]

Breast Feeding

Present in breast milk at low levels. Caution advised as it may cause effects in infant. [2]

Children and Elderly

  • Children: Dosage not established
  • Elderly: May need lower doses due to age-related decreased kidney function

Renal Impairment

No dosage adjustment provided in labeling. Use with caution in severe renal impairment. [2]

Monitoring Requirements

Monitor blood pressure, heart rate, signs of worsening heart failure, bronchospasm, and blood glucose levels (in diabetics) during metoprolol therapy. [2][3]

Drug Interactions

Metoprolol can interact with calcium channel blockers, digoxin, epinephrine (adrenaline), antidepressants, antipsychotics, anesthetics, and many other drugs. Careful monitoring is required. [1][2]

FAQs[edit]

How should I take the tablet?

Take orally with or without food as prescribed. Swallow extended-release capsules whole. [2]

What should I avoid while taking?

Avoid driving or hazardous tasks until you know how metoprolol affects you. Avoid alcohol and decongestants as these may increase some side effects. [2]

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it's near the next dose time, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Do not double the dose. [2]

Reference[edit]

[1] https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/metoprolol-oral-tablet

[2] https://www.drugs.com/metoprolol.html

[3] https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00264

[4] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532923/

[5] https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-11207/metoprolol-tartrate-oral/details

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