Metoprolol Tartrate: Difference between revisions

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[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Beta blockers]]
[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Beta blockers]]
[[:Category: Cardiovascular Drug | '''Cardiovascular Drug''']]
'''Drug class: [[:Category: Beta blockers | Beta blockers]]
'''Metoprolol Tartrate (LOPRESSOR)''' (中文：[[美托洛爾]])
==Pronunciation==
==Pronunciation==
===Metoprolol tartrate 100mg===
===Metoprolol tartrate 100mg===
[[File:Metoprolol tartrate 100mg.mp3]]
[[File:Metoprolol tartrate 100mg.mp3]]
===Metoprolol tartrate 75mg===


===Metoprolol tartrate 50mg===
===Metoprolol tartrate 50mg===
[[File:Metoprolol tartrate 50mg.mp3]]
[[File:Metoprolol tartrate 50mg.mp3]]


===Metoprolol tartrate 37.5mg===
==Common Strengths of Metoprolol==
Metoprolol is available in the following strengths:
*Immediate-release tablets (Metoprolol tartrate): 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg [1]
*Extended-release tablets (metoprolol succinate): 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg [1]


===Metoprolol tartrate 25mg===
==Drug Trade Name of Metoprolol==
The brand names for metoprolol include:
*Lopressor (immediate-release metoprolol tartrate tablets)
*Betaloc Zok (extended-release metoprolol succinate tablets) [1]


===Metoprolol succinate 200mg===
==Mechanism of Action==
Metoprolol is a β1-selective (cardioselective) beta-blocker. It works by blocking the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) on beta-1 receptors in the heart. This slows the heart rate, reduces force of heart contractions, oxygen demand and decreases blood pressure. [1][3]


===Metoprolol succinate 100mg===
==Route of Administration==
Metoprolol is available for:
*Oral administration as immediate-release and extended-release tablets
*Intravenous injection (given by healthcare providers) [1][2]


===Metoprolol succinate 50mg===
==Dosages==
 
*Hypertension
===Metoprolol succinate 25mg===
**Immediate-release: Typical starting 50 mg once daily, up to 400 mg/day maximum
**Extended-release: Typical starting 100 mg once daily, up to 400 mg/day maximum [1]
*Heart failure: dosage not specified
**Immediate-release: Typical 25-100 mg twice daily
**Extended-release: Typical 25-200 mg once daily [3]
*Diabetic kidney disease: Dosage not specified, adjust based on patient response.


==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left" | Generic Name:
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
|Metoprolol Tartrate, Metoprolol succinate
!Adverse reactions
|-
!style="text-align: left"| Class:
|Cardiovascular Drug
|-
!style="text-align: left"| Subclass:
|Beta blocker
|-
|-
!style="text-align: left"| Legal Classification:
| '''Very common (≥1/10)
|
| Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
|}
 
==Drug Name==
{| class="wikitable"
!Generic Name 藥物化學名稱
!HA Code 藥物代碼
!Legal Classification 法律藥物分類
!Brand Name
|-
|-
| Metoprolol Tartrate Tablet 25mg
| rowspan="4" |'''Common (≥1/100 to <1/10)
|
| Dizziness
|
| rowspan="5" | LOPRESSOR
|-
|-
| Metoprolol Tartrate Tablet 37.5mg
| Fatigue
|
|
|-
|-
| Metoprolol Tartrate Tablet 50mg
| Memory problems
| METO07
|
|-
|-
| Metoprolol Tartrate Tablet 75mg
| Diarrhea [1][2]
|
|
|-
|-
| Metoprolol Tartrate Tablet 100mg
| rowspan="4" |'''Uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100)
| METO06
| Depression
|
|-
|-
| Metoprolol Succinate Tablet 25mg
| Confusion
| METO16
|
| rowspan="4" | BETALOC ZOK
|-
|-
| Metoprolol Succinate Tablet 50mg
| Insomnia
| METO13
|
|-
|-
| Metoprolol Succinate Tablet 100mg
| Rash [2]
| METO10
|
|-
|-
| Metoprolol Succinate Tablet 200mg
| '''Rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000)
| METO11
| Nightmares [2]
|
|}
|}


==Mechanism of Action==
==Pharmacokinetics==
Metoprolol is a β1-selective (cardio-selective) beta-blocker. It works by blocking the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) on beta-1 receptors in the heart. This slows the heart rate, reduces force of heart contractions, oxygen demand and decreases blood pressure.
*Well absorbed from GI tract
*Peak plasma levels in 2-4 hours
*Extensively metabolized in liver
*Elimination half-life 6-7 hours
*Excreted in urine [3]
 
==Drug Management==
'''Safety
 
Metoprolol has a boxed warning about not stopping it suddenly, as it may worsen chest pain, increase blood pressure, or cause a heart attack. Stopping should be done gradually under medical supervision. [1]
 
Contraindicated in heart block, sick sinus syndrome, severe bradycardia, severe circulation problems, severe heart failure.
 
Caution in asthma, COPD, diabetes, liver disease. [1][2]
 
'''Pregnancy
 
Metoprolol is classified as pregnancy category C. It should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. [2]
 
'''Breast Feeding
 
Present in breast milk at low levels. Caution advised as it may cause effects in infant. [2]
 
'''Children and Elderly
 
*Children: Dosage not established
 
*Elderly: May need lower doses due to age-related decreased kidney function
 
''' Renal Impairment
 
No dosage adjustment provided in labeling. Use with caution in severe renal impairment. [2]
 
'''Monitoring Requirements
 
Monitor blood pressure, heart rate, signs of worsening heart failure, bronchospasm, and blood glucose levels (in diabetics) during metoprolol therapy. [2][3]
 
'''Drug Interactions
 
Metoprolol can interact with calcium channel blockers, digoxin, epinephrine (adrenaline), antidepressants, antipsychotics, anesthetics, and many other drugs. Careful monitoring is required. [1][2]


==Route of Administration==
==FAQs==
Metoprolol is available for:
'''How should I take the tablet?
*Oral administration as immediate-release and extended-release tablets
*Intravenous injection (given by healthcare providers)


==Dosages==
Take orally with or without food as prescribed. Swallow extended-release capsules whole. [2]
*Hypertension
**Immediate-release: Typical starting 50 mg once daily, up to 400 mg/day maximum
**Extended-release: Typical starting 100 mg once daily, up to 400 mg/day maximum
*Heart failure: dosage not specified
**Immediate-release: Typical 25-100 mg twice daily
**Extended-release: Typical 25-200 mg once daily
*Diabetic kidney disease: Dosage not specified, adjust based on patient respnose.


==Side Effects==
'''What should I avoid while taking?
The following definitions of frequencies are used:


Very common ≥ 1/10
Avoid driving or hazardous tasks until you know how metoprolol affects you. Avoid alcohol and decongestants as these may increase some side effects. [2]


Common ≥ 1/100 to < 1/10
'''What happens if I miss a dose?


Uncommon ≥1/1,000 to <1/100
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it's near the next dose time, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Do not double the dose. [2]


Rare ≥ 1/10,000 to < 1/1,000
==Reference==
[1] https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/metoprolol-oral-tablet


Very rare < 1/10,000
[2] https://www.drugs.com/metoprolol.html


{| class="wikitable"
[3] https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00264
!style="text-align: left"| System Organ Class
!Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="3" | '''Nervous system disorders
| Common
|Dizzinss, Fatigue, Memory problem
|-
| Uncommon
| Depression, Confusion, Insomnia
|-
| Rare
| Nightmares
|-
| '''Skin disorders
| Uncommon
| Rash
|-
| '''Gastro-intestinal disorders
| Common
| Diarrhoea
|}


==Pharmacokinetics==
[4] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532923/
*Well absorbed from GI tract
*Extensively metabolized in liver
*Elimination half-life 6-7 hours
*Excreted in urine


==Notes==
[5] https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-11207/metoprolol-tartrate-oral/details
<references />

Latest revision as of 22:58, 4 September 2024


Cardiovascular Drug

Drug class: Beta blockers

Metoprolol Tartrate (LOPRESSOR) (中文：美托洛爾)

Pronunciation[edit]

Metoprolol tartrate 100mg[edit]

Metoprolol tartrate 50mg[edit]

Common Strengths of Metoprolol[edit]

Metoprolol is available in the following strengths:

  • Immediate-release tablets (Metoprolol tartrate): 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg [1]
  • Extended-release tablets (metoprolol succinate): 25 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg [1]

Drug Trade Name of Metoprolol[edit]

The brand names for metoprolol include:

  • Lopressor (immediate-release metoprolol tartrate tablets)
  • Betaloc Zok (extended-release metoprolol succinate tablets) [1]

Mechanism of Action[edit]

Metoprolol is a β1-selective (cardioselective) beta-blocker. It works by blocking the action of epinephrine (adrenaline) on beta-1 receptors in the heart. This slows the heart rate, reduces force of heart contractions, oxygen demand and decreases blood pressure. [1][3]

Route of Administration[edit]

Metoprolol is available for:

  • Oral administration as immediate-release and extended-release tablets
  • Intravenous injection (given by healthcare providers) [1][2]

Dosages[edit]

  • Hypertension
    • Immediate-release: Typical starting 50 mg once daily, up to 400 mg/day maximum
    • Extended-release: Typical starting 100 mg once daily, up to 400 mg/day maximum [1]
  • Heart failure: dosage not specified
    • Immediate-release: Typical 25-100 mg twice daily
    • Extended-release: Typical 25-200 mg once daily [3]
  • Diabetic kidney disease: Dosage not specified, adjust based on patient response.

Side Effects[edit]

Frequency Adverse reactions
Very common (≥1/10) Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
Common (≥1/100 to <1/10) Dizziness
Fatigue
Memory problems
Diarrhea [1][2]
Uncommon (≥1/1,000 to <1/100) Depression
Confusion
Insomnia
Rash [2]
Rare (≥1/10,000 to <1/1,000) Nightmares [2]

Pharmacokinetics[edit]

  • Well absorbed from GI tract
  • Peak plasma levels in 2-4 hours
  • Extensively metabolized in liver
  • Elimination half-life 6-7 hours
  • Excreted in urine [3]

Drug Management[edit]

Safety

Metoprolol has a boxed warning about not stopping it suddenly, as it may worsen chest pain, increase blood pressure, or cause a heart attack. Stopping should be done gradually under medical supervision. [1]

Contraindicated in heart block, sick sinus syndrome, severe bradycardia, severe circulation problems, severe heart failure.

Caution in asthma, COPD, diabetes, liver disease. [1][2]

Pregnancy

Metoprolol is classified as pregnancy category C. It should only be used if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. [2]

Breast Feeding

Present in breast milk at low levels. Caution advised as it may cause effects in infant. [2]

Children and Elderly

  • Children: Dosage not established
  • Elderly: May need lower doses due to age-related decreased kidney function

Renal Impairment

No dosage adjustment provided in labeling. Use with caution in severe renal impairment. [2]

Monitoring Requirements

Monitor blood pressure, heart rate, signs of worsening heart failure, bronchospasm, and blood glucose levels (in diabetics) during metoprolol therapy. [2][3]

Drug Interactions

Metoprolol can interact with calcium channel blockers, digoxin, epinephrine (adrenaline), antidepressants, antipsychotics, anesthetics, and many other drugs. Careful monitoring is required. [1][2]

FAQs[edit]

How should I take the tablet?

Take orally with or without food as prescribed. Swallow extended-release capsules whole. [2]

What should I avoid while taking?

Avoid driving or hazardous tasks until you know how metoprolol affects you. Avoid alcohol and decongestants as these may increase some side effects. [2]

What happens if I miss a dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it's near the next dose time, skip the missed dose and continue your regular schedule. Do not double the dose. [2]

Reference[edit]

[1] https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/metoprolol-oral-tablet

[2] https://www.drugs.com/metoprolol.html

[3] https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB00264

[4] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532923/

[5] https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-11207/metoprolol-tartrate-oral/details

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