Lorazepam

Lorazepam(中文:[[ ]]) is a short-acting benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant properties. It is used:

In the short-term treatment of severe anxiety disorders;
As a hypnotic in the short-term treatment of insomnia;
As an anticonvulsant (particularly in the management of status epilepticus and febrile convulsions)
As a sedative for those who are being mechanically ventilated
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting

Pronunciation

Lorazepam is a benzodiazepine.
Gama-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, acting on the GABA receptors in the central nervous system (CNS), thus inhibiting the nerve impulses.
It acts on the benzodiazepine receptors in the brain and the spinal cord. Benzodiazepine receptors in the CNS are linked with GABA receptors as a complex.
Lorazepam by binding to the benzodiazepine receptors results in activation of the GABA-benzodiazepine receptor complex, resulting in inhibition of nerve impulses, overall depression of brain and spinal cord.
The anticonvulsant properties of lorazepam come from binding to sodium channels.

Anxiety	By mouth ADULT: 1 – 4 mg daily in divided doses ELDERLY: 0.5 – 2 mg daily in divided doses
Insomnia associated with anxiety	By mouth ADULT: 1 – 2 mg daily, to be taken at bedtime
Acute panic attacks	By mouth ADULT: 25 – 30 micrograms/kg every 6 hours if required; Usual dose: 1.5 – 2.5 mg every 6 hours if required
Conscious sedation for procedures	By mouth ADULT: 2 – 3 mg to be taken the night before operation 2 – 4 mg to be taken 1 – 2 hours before operation
Premedication	By mouth 2 – 3 mg to be taken the night before operation 2 – 4 mg to be taken 1 – 2 hours before operation
Status epilepticus Febrile convulsions Convulsions due to poisoning	By slow intravenous injection CHILD 1 month – 11 years: 100 micrograms/kg (max. per dose 4 mg) for 1 dose, then 100 micrograms/kg after 10 minutes (max. per dose 4 mg) if required for 1 dose, to be administered into a large vein CHILD 12 – 17 years: 4 mg for 1 dose, then 4 mg after 10 minutes if required for 1 dose, to be administered into a large vein ADULT: 4 mg for 1 dose, then 4 mg after 10 minutes if seizures continue or recur
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting	By mouth ADULTS: ADULT: 1 to 2 mg may be added to antiemetic therapy with domperidone or metoclopramide for the prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting.