Ceftazidime

Oral Antibiotics

Drug class: Third-Generation Cephalosporin Antibiotic; beta-lactam antibiotics class, a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the third-generation cephalosporin.

Ceftazidime (FORTUM) (中文：頭孢他唑)

Common Strengths

Ceftazidime is commonly available in the following strengths:

• 500 mg
• 1 g
• 2 g

Drug Trade Names

Fortum

Drug Usage

Ceftazidime belongs to the third-generation cephalosporin which has broad-spectrum activity against Gram-negative bacteria. It is used to treat a variety of infections, including:

• Lower respiratory tract infections
• Urinary tract infections
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Bone and joint infections
• Intra-abdominal infections
• Meningitis
• Neutropenic fever
• Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Mechanism of Action

Ceftazidime inhibits bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan synthesis. It binds to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), particularly PBP3, leading to cell lysis and death of the bacteria. This mechanism is effective against many Gram-negative organisms, including those resistant to other antibiotics.

Route of Administration

Ceftazidime is administered intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM).

Dosages

The standard dosage for adults is typically:

• 1 g every 8 to 12 hours
• Renal impairment: Dosage adjustments are necessary based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR):
  • eGFR 30-50 mL/min: 1 g every 12 hours
  • eGFR <30 mL/min: 1 g every 24 hours or less, depending on severity
• Children: 30-50 mg/kg every 8 hours, not exceeding 6 g/day

Side Effects

Frequency	Adverse reactions
Common Side Effects	Nausea
	Diarrhea
	Rash
	Pain at the injection site
Serious Side Effects	Allergic reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis)
	Severe diarrhea (potentially C. difficile infection)
	Seizures
	Kidney problems

Pharmacokinetics

• Onset of action: Immediate after IV administration, approximately 1 hour for IM.
• Half-life: Approximately 1.5 to 2 hours.
• Duration: Effects can last for several hours post-administration.

In clinical practice, ceftazidime is often administered every 8 hours for optimal therapeutic effect due to its relatively short half-life and duration of action.

Drug Precautions

Pregnancy

Ceftazidime is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but should only be used if needed.

Breastfeeding

It is excreted in small amounts in breast milk. Consultation with a healthcare provider is recommended.

Children and Elderly

Ceftazidime is effective in children; however, caution is advised in the elderly due to a higher likelihood of renal impairment.

Monitoring Items

• Renal function (eGFR)
• Liver function tests
• Signs of allergic reactions
• Symptoms of Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea

Drug Interactions Ceftazidime may interact with:

• Aluminum Hydroxide: May affect the absorption of ceftazidime.
• Gentamicin: Increased risk of nephrotoxicity when used together.
• Heparin: Potential for increased bleeding risk.
• Vancomycin: Combined use may enhance nephrotoxic effects.

FAQ

How Should I Take the ceftriaxone?

Ceftazidime is typically administered via injection, either IV or IM.

What Should I Avoid While Taking?

Avoid using antidiarrheal medications if experiencing severe diarrhea.