Empagliflozin

Antidiabetic Drug

Drug class: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor

Empagliflozin (JARDIANCE)（中文：恩格列淨）

Common Strengths of Empagliflozin Tablet

Empagliflozin tablets are available in the following strengths:

• 10 mg and 25 mg tablets

Drug Trade Names of Empagliflozin Tablet

Jardiance

Drug Usage

• Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (including myocardial infarction, stroke or death) in adults with type 2 diabetes or who are at risk for cardiovascular disease.
• Reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in adults with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease

Mechanism of Action

Inhibits sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) in the kidney, reducing glucose reabsorption and increasing urinary glucose excretion

Route of Administration

Oral

Dosages

• Type 2 diabetes: 10 mg once daily, can be increased to 25 mg once daily
• Heart failure: 10 mg once daily
• Chronic kidney disease: 10 mg once daily

Renal dose based on eGFR:

• eGFR ≥ 45 mL/min/1.73 m²: No dose adjustment required
• eGFR 30 to < 45 mL/min/1.73 m²: Use is not recommended for glycemic control
• eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73 m²: Use is contraindicated

Side Effects

Frequency	Adverse reactions
Common	Urinary tract infection
	Vaginal yeast infection
	Increased urination
Uncommon	Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) - a condition where blood becomes too acidic
	Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), especially when combined with insulin or sulfonylureas
	Hypotension
	Fournier's gangrene

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption
  • Rapidly absorbed with peak plasma concentrations at 1.5 hours post-dose
• Metabolism
  • Primarily through glucuronidation
• Elimination
  • Half-life is approximately 12.4 hours
• Duration of action
  • 24 hours after once-daily dosing

Drug Precautions

Pregnancy

Not recommended during pregnancy

Breastfeeding

Not recommended during breastfeeding

Children and Elderly

Not recommended for children under 10 years. No dose adjustment is required for elderly patients

Renal impairment

Use with caution in patients with renal impairment

Monitoring Requirements

Renal function, signs of ketoacidosis, genital mycotic infections, volume status

Drug Interaction

May increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with insulin or insulin secretagogues

FAQ

How Should I Take the Tablet?

Take once daily in the morning, with or without food

What Should I Avoid While Taking?

Avoid excessive alcohol consumption and dehydration

What Happens if I Miss a Dose?

Take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose