Ofloxacin

Oral Antibiotics

Drug class: Fluoroquinolone; Quinolone antibiotic belongs to a subclass of fluoroquinolone antibiotics and is the 2^nd generation.

Ofloxacin (TARIVID)（中文：氧氟沙星）

Common Strengths

• 100 mg
• 200 mg
• 400 mg

Trade Names

• Tarivid
• Floxin
• Ocuflox

Drug Usage

Ofloxacin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolone class, effective against a variety of bacterial infections, including:

• Respiratory tract infections
• Urinary tract infections
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Gonorrhea
• Conjunctivitis (as eye drops and eye-ointment)

Mechanism of Action

Ofloxacin works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes critical for NDA replication and cell division. This action leads to the bactericidal effect of the drug.

Route of Administration

• Oral (tablets)
• Intravenous (IV)
• Topical (eye and ear drops)

Dosages

Normal Adults:

• Oral: 200 mg to 400 mg every 12 hours.

Renal Dosing:

• Adjust based on eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate):
  • eGFR >50 mL/min: Standard dosing.
  • eGFR <50 mL/min: Dose reduction recommended.

Side Effects

Frequency	Adverse reactions
Common Side Effects	Nausea
	Diarrhea
	Headache
	Rash
Serious Side Effects	Tendon rupture
	Peripheral neuropathy
	Seizures
	Liver injury

Pharmacokinetics

• Metabolism and Excretion: Ofloxacin undergoes minimal metabolism, primarily being excreted unchanged in the urine.
• Onset time: within 1 to 2 hours post-dose
• Duration of action: Steady-state concentrations are typically reached after two to four doses administered at regular intervals (usually every 12 hours), ensuring sustained antimicrobial activity over time

Drug Precautions

Pregnancy

Use only if clearly needed; potential risks to the fetus exist.

Breastfeeding

Caution is advised as ofloxacin can pass into breast milk.

Children and Elderly

Not recommended for children under 18 due to potential joint issues. Elderly patients may require dose adjustments due to renal function decline.

Drug Monitoring Items

• Regular monitoring of liver function tests and renal function is advised during treatment.
• Patients with diabetes should have their blood glucose levels monitored regularly due to the risk of dysglycemia (both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia) associated with ofloxacin.
• ECG monitoring is recommended for patients taking other medications that prolong the QT interval, as ofloxacin can also prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk of arrhythmias.

Drug Interactions

Avoid coadministration with:

• Other drugs that prolong QT interval (e.g. certain antiarrhythmics).
• Antacids or supplements containing magnesium or aluminum, which can interfere with absorption.

FAQ

How Should I Take the Tablet?

Take with or without food, spaced evenly every 12 hours.

What Should I Avoid while Taking?

Avoid antacids containing magnesium or aluminum within two hours of taking ofloxacin. Limit caffeine intake as it may increase side effects.

What Happens if I Miss a Dose?

Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is close to the next dose, skip it; do not double up.