Pioglitazone
Drug class: Thiazolidinedione
Pioglitazone (ACTOS) (中文：吡格列酮)
Pronunciation[edit]
Pioglitazone 30mg[edit]
Common Strengths of Pioglitazone[edit]
Pioglitazone is available in three strengths:
- 15 mg, 30 mg, 45 mg tablets
Drug Trade Names of Pioglitazone[edit]
Actos is the trade name for pioglitazone.
It is also sold under various brand names when combined with other medications, such as:
- ACTOSMET TABLET 15MG/850MG: Pioglitazone 15mg + Metformin 850mg
- OSENI TABLET 25MG/15MG: Alogliptin 25mg + pioglitazone 15mg
- OSENI TABLET 25MG/30MG: Alogliptin 25mg + pioglitazone 30mg
Drug Usage[edit]
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Mechanism of Action[edit]
Activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), increasing insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues (in fat, muscle and liver tissues).
Route of Administration[edit]
Pioglitazone is administered orally in tablet form.
Dosages[edit]
- Initially, 15 - 30 mg once daily, may increase to 45 mg once daily
- Heart failure (NYHA Class I-II): Start at 15 mg once daily
- No dose adjustment is needed for hypertension or mild-moderate renal impairment
- Severe renal impairment (eGFR <30 mL/min): Use with caution, start at a lower dose
Side Effects[edit]
| Frequency | Adverse reactions |
|---|---|
| Common | Upper respiratory tract infection |
| Weight gain | |
| Edema | |
| Sinusitis | |
| Myalgia | |
| Visual disturbances | |
| Uncommon | Flatulence |
| Insomnia | |
| Liver dysfunction | |
| Macular edema | |
| Bladder cancer |
Pharmacokinetics[edit]
- Absorption
- Well absorbed orally. The peak effect reached approximately 2 hours after administration.
- Metabolism
- Primarily metabolized in the liver via CYP2C8.
- Excretion
- Mainly excreted in faeces; 15 - 30% excreted in urine.
- Half-life
- 3 to 7 hours.
- Drug duration
- up to 24 hours
Drug Precautions[edit]
Pregnancy
Not recommended, potential risk of fetal harm.
Breastfeeding
Not recommended.
Children and Elderly
- Children: Safety and efficacy not established
- Elderly: No dose adjustment required, use with caution
Renal Impairment
Use with caution in severe impairment
Monitoring Requirements
- Liver function tests
- Hemoglobin
- Blood glucose
- HbA1c
Drug Interactions
May interact with gemfibrozil, rifampicin, CYP2C8 inhibitors/inducers
FAQ[edit]
How Should I Take the Tablet?
Take a tablet once daily with or without food.
What Should I Avoid While Taking?
Avoid excessive alcohol consumption.
What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
If you miss a dose: Take the missed dose as soon as you remember, but skip it if it is almost time for your next dose. Do not take two doses at one time.
