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'''Dapagliflozin (FORXIGA)'''（中文：[[達格列淨]]）
'''Dapagliflozin (FORXIGA)'''（中文：[[達格列淨]]）
==Common Strengths of Dapagliflozin Tablet==
Dapagliflozin tablets are available in the following strengths:
*5 mg and 10 mg tablets
==Drug Trade Names of Metformin Tablet==
Forxiga
==Drug Usage==
*Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
*Reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (including myocardial infarction, stroke or death) in adults with type 2 diabetes or who are at risk for cardiovascular disease.
*Reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in adults with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease
==Mechanism of Action==
Inhibits sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) in the proximal renal tubules, reducing glucose reabsorption and increasing urinary glucose excretion.
==Route of Administration==
Oral
==Dosages==
*Type 2 diabetes: Starting dose 5 mg once daily, can be increased to 10 mg once daily
*Heart failure: 10 mg once daily
*Chronic kidney disease: 10 mg once daily
Renal dose based on eGFR:
*eGFR ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>: No dose adjustment required
*eGFR 25 to <45 mL/min/1.73 mm<sup>2</sup>: Not recommended for glycemic control, but may be continued for heart failure or CKD
*eGFR <25 mL/min/1.73 mm<sup>2</sup>: Not recommended for initiation
==Side Effects==
{| class="wikitable"
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency
!Adverse reactions
|-
| rowspan="3" | '''Common
| Urinary tract infection
|-
| Genital infection
|-
| Increased urination
|-
| rowspan="3" | '''Uncommon
| Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) - a condition where blood becomes too acidic
|-
| Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), especially when combined with insulin or sulfonylureas
|-
| Hypotension
|}
==Pharmacokinetics==
*Absorption
**Rapidly absorbed, peak plasma concentrations within 2 hours
*Metabolism
**Primarily through UGT1A9
*Elimination:
**Mean plasma terminal half-life approximately 12.9 hours
*uration of action:
**24 hours (allowing for once-daily dosing)
==Drug Precautions==
'''Pregnancy
Not recommended
'''Breastfeeding
Not recommended
'''Children and Elderly
Not recommended for children under 10 years. No dose adjustment is required for elderly patients
'''Renal Impairment
Use with caution, dosage adjustments based on eGFR
'''Monitoring Requirements
Renal function, volume status, signs of ketoacidosis
'''Drug Interaction
May increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with insulin or insulin secretagogues
==FAQ==
'''How Should I Take the Tablet?
Take once daily in the morning, with or without food
'''What Should I Avoid While Taking?
Avoid excessive alcohol consumption and dehydration
'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
Take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose.

Latest revision as of 04:28, 1 December 2024


Antidiabetic Drug

Drug class: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor

Dapagliflozin (FORXIGA)（中文：達格列淨）

Common Strengths of Dapagliflozin Tablet[edit]

Dapagliflozin tablets are available in the following strengths:

  • 5 mg and 10 mg tablets

Drug Trade Names of Metformin Tablet[edit]

Forxiga

Drug Usage[edit]

  • Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
  • Reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (including myocardial infarction, stroke or death) in adults with type 2 diabetes or who are at risk for cardiovascular disease.
  • Reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in adults with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease

Mechanism of Action[edit]

Inhibits sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) in the proximal renal tubules, reducing glucose reabsorption and increasing urinary glucose excretion.

Route of Administration[edit]

Oral

Dosages[edit]

  • Type 2 diabetes: Starting dose 5 mg once daily, can be increased to 10 mg once daily
  • Heart failure: 10 mg once daily
  • Chronic kidney disease: 10 mg once daily

Renal dose based on eGFR:

  • eGFR ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m2: No dose adjustment required
  • eGFR 25 to <45 mL/min/1.73 mm2: Not recommended for glycemic control, but may be continued for heart failure or CKD
  • eGFR <25 mL/min/1.73 mm2: Not recommended for initiation

Side Effects[edit]

Frequency Adverse reactions
Common Urinary tract infection
Genital infection
Increased urination
Uncommon Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) - a condition where blood becomes too acidic
Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), especially when combined with insulin or sulfonylureas
Hypotension

Pharmacokinetics[edit]

  • Absorption
    • Rapidly absorbed, peak plasma concentrations within 2 hours
  • Metabolism
    • Primarily through UGT1A9
  • Elimination:
    • Mean plasma terminal half-life approximately 12.9 hours
  • uration of action:
    • 24 hours (allowing for once-daily dosing)

Drug Precautions[edit]

Pregnancy

Not recommended

Breastfeeding

Not recommended

Children and Elderly

Not recommended for children under 10 years. No dose adjustment is required for elderly patients

Renal Impairment

Use with caution, dosage adjustments based on eGFR

Monitoring Requirements

Renal function, volume status, signs of ketoacidosis

Drug Interaction

May increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with insulin or insulin secretagogues

FAQ[edit]

How Should I Take the Tablet?

Take once daily in the morning, with or without food

What Should I Avoid While Taking?

Avoid excessive alcohol consumption and dehydration

What Happens if I Miss a Dose?

Take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose.

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