Dapagliflozin

Antidiabetic Drug

Drug class: Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor

Dapagliflozin (FORXIGA)（中文：達格列淨）

Common Strengths of Dapagliflozin Tablet

Dapagliflozin tablets are available in the following strengths:

• 5 mg and 10 mg tablets

Drug Trade Names of Metformin Tablet

Forxiga

Drug Usage

• Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
• Reducing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (including myocardial infarction, stroke or death) in adults with type 2 diabetes or who are at risk for cardiovascular disease.
• Reduce the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in adults with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease

Mechanism of Action

Inhibits sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) in the proximal renal tubules, reducing glucose reabsorption and increasing urinary glucose excretion.

Route of Administration

Oral

Dosages

• Type 2 diabetes: Starting dose 5 mg once daily, can be increased to 10 mg once daily
• Heart failure: 10 mg once daily
• Chronic kidney disease: 10 mg once daily

Renal dose based on eGFR:

• eGFR ≥45 mL/min/1.73 m²: No dose adjustment required
• eGFR 25 to <45 mL/min/1.73 mm²: Not recommended for glycemic control, but may be continued for heart failure or CKD
• eGFR <25 mL/min/1.73 mm²: Not recommended for initiation

Side Effects

Frequency	Adverse reactions
Common	Urinary tract infection
	Genital infection
	Increased urination
Uncommon	Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) - a condition where blood becomes too acidic
	Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), especially when combined with insulin or sulfonylureas
	Hypotension

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption
  • Rapidly absorbed, peak plasma concentrations within 2 hours
• Metabolism
  • Primarily through UGT1A9
• Elimination:
  • Mean plasma terminal half-life approximately 12.9 hours
• uration of action:
  • 24 hours (allowing for once-daily dosing)

Drug Precautions

Pregnancy

Not recommended

Breastfeeding

Not recommended

Children and Elderly

Not recommended for children under 10 years. No dose adjustment is required for elderly patients

Renal Impairment

Use with caution, dosage adjustments based on eGFR

Monitoring Requirements

Renal function, volume status, signs of ketoacidosis

Drug Interaction

May increase the risk of hypoglycemia when used with insulin or insulin secretagogues

FAQ

How Should I Take the Tablet?

Take once daily in the morning, with or without food

What Should I Avoid While Taking?

Avoid excessive alcohol consumption and dehydration

What Happens if I Miss a Dose?

Take it as soon as you remember. If it is close to your next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with your regular schedule. Do not take a double dose.