Glipizide
Drug class: Sulfonylureas
Glipizide (GLUCOTROL)（中文：格列吡嗪）
Pronunciation[edit]
Glipizide 5mg[edit]
Common Strengths of Glipizide Tablet[edit]
Glipizide tablets are available in the following strengths:
- 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg tablets (immediate-release and extended-release)
Drug Trade Names of Glipizide Tablet[edit]
- Glucotrol
- Glucotrol XL
Drug Usag[edit]
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Mechanism of Action[edit]
Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells
Route of Administration[edit]
Glipizide is administered orally
Dosages[edit]
- Initially 2.5 - 5 mg once daily. The maximum recommended daily dosage is 20 mg.
- Hypertension/Heart failure: No specific adjustments
- Diabetic kidney disease: Start with 2.5 mg daily, adjust carefully
Side Effects[edit]
| Frequency | Adverse reactions |
|---|---|
| Common | Hypoglycemia |
| Uncommon | Nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, headache |
| Allergic skin reactions, blood dyscrasias | |
| Hepatitis |
The main symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) include:
- Feel hungry
- Weakness and dizziness
- Feeling anxious or irritable
- Sweating and chills
- Tremble
- Tingling of lips
- Palpitations
- Vision changes, such as blurred vision
- Confused
Pharmacokinetics[edit]
- Absorption
- Rapid and complete. Peak plasma concentrations occur 1 to 3 hours after a single oral dose. For extended-release formulations, peak plasma concentrations are reached within 6 to 12 hours.
- Metabolism
- Occurs mainly in the liver
- Elimination
- Mainly in urine, half-life 2 to 5 hours
The glucose-lowering effect of glipizide can last for up to 24 hours.
Drug Precautions[edit]
Pregnancy
Avoid use, insulin preferred
Breastfeeding
Not recommended
Children and Elderly
Not for children, use caution in elderly
Renal impairment
Start with lower dose, adjust carefully
Monitoring requirements
- Regular blood glucose monitoring
- HbA1c levels
- Renal and liver function tests
Drug interactions
NSAIDs, beta-blockers, antifungals may enhance the hypoglycemic effect
FAQ[edit]
How Should I Take the Tablet?
Take 30 minutes before meals.
What Should I Avoid While Taking?
Alcohol, skipping meals
What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
Take as soon as remembered if within a few hours, otherwise skip and take the next scheduled dose. Do not double dose.
