Glipizide: Difference between revisions
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[[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Sulfonylureas]] | [[Category: Drugs]][[Category: Sulfonylureas]] | ||
[[Category: | [[:Category: Antidiabetic Drug | '''Antidiabetic Drug''']] | ||
'''Drug class: [[:Category: Sulfonylureas | Sulfonylureas]]''' | |||
'''Glipizide (GLUCOTROL)'''（中文：[[格列吡嗪]]） | |||
==Pronunciation== | ==Pronunciation== | ||
===Glipizide 5mg=== | ===Glipizide 5mg=== | ||
[[File:Glipizide 5mg.mp3]] | [[File:Glipizide 5mg.mp3]] | ||
==Common Strengths of Glipizide Tablet== | |||
Glipizide tablets are available in the following strengths: | |||
*2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg tablets (immediate-release and extended-release) | |||
==Drug Trade Names of Glipizide Tablet== | |||
*Glucotrol | |||
*Glucotrol XL | |||
==Drug Usag== | |||
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus | |||
==Mechanism of Action== | |||
Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells | |||
==Route of Administration== | |||
Glipizide is administered orally | |||
==Dosages== | |||
*Initially 2.5 - 5 mg once daily. The maximum recommended daily dosage is 20 mg. | |||
*Hypertension/Heart failure: No specific adjustments | |||
*Diabetic kidney disease: Start with 2.5 mg daily, adjust carefully | |||
==Side Effects== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency | |||
!Adverse reactions | |||
|- | |||
| '''Common | |||
| Hypoglycemia | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="3" | '''Uncommon | |||
| Nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, headache | |||
|- | |||
| Allergic skin reactions, blood dyscrasias | |||
|- | |||
| Hepatitis | |||
|} | |||
The main symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) include: | |||
*Feel hungry | |||
*Weakness and dizziness | |||
*Feeling anxious or irritable | |||
*Sweating and chills | |||
*Tremble | |||
*Tingling of lips | |||
*Palpitations | |||
*Vision changes, such as blurred vision | |||
*Confused | |||
==Pharmacokinetics== | |||
*Absorption | |||
**Rapid and complete. Peak plasma concentrations occur 1 to 3 hours after a single oral dose. For extended-release formulations, peak plasma concentrations are reached within 6 to 12 hours. | |||
*Metabolism | |||
**Occurs mainly in the liver | |||
*Elimination | |||
**Mainly in urine, half-life 2 to 5 hours | |||
The glucose-lowering effect of glipizide can last for up to 24 hours. | |||
==Drug Precautions== | |||
'''Pregnancy | |||
Avoid use, insulin preferred | |||
'''Breastfeeding | |||
Not recommended | |||
'''Children and Elderly | |||
Not for children, use caution in elderly | |||
'''Renal impairment | |||
Start with lower dose, adjust carefully | |||
'''Monitoring requirements | |||
*Regular blood glucose monitoring | |||
*HbA1c levels | |||
*Renal and liver function tests | |||
'''Drug interactions | |||
NSAIDs, beta-blockers, antifungals may enhance the hypoglycemic effect | |||
==FAQ== | |||
'''How Should I Take the Tablet? | |||
Take 30 minutes before meals. | |||
'''What Should I Avoid While Taking? | |||
Alcohol, skipping meals | |||
'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose? | |||
Take as soon as remembered if within a few hours, otherwise skip and take the next scheduled dose. Do not double dose. | |||
Latest revision as of 22:39, 4 July 2024
Drug class: Sulfonylureas
Glipizide (GLUCOTROL)（中文：格列吡嗪）
Pronunciation[edit]
Glipizide 5mg[edit]
Common Strengths of Glipizide Tablet[edit]
Glipizide tablets are available in the following strengths:
- 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg tablets (immediate-release and extended-release)
Drug Trade Names of Glipizide Tablet[edit]
- Glucotrol
- Glucotrol XL
Drug Usag[edit]
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Mechanism of Action[edit]
Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells
Route of Administration[edit]
Glipizide is administered orally
Dosages[edit]
- Initially 2.5 - 5 mg once daily. The maximum recommended daily dosage is 20 mg.
- Hypertension/Heart failure: No specific adjustments
- Diabetic kidney disease: Start with 2.5 mg daily, adjust carefully
Side Effects[edit]
| Frequency | Adverse reactions |
|---|---|
| Common | Hypoglycemia |
| Uncommon | Nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, headache |
| Allergic skin reactions, blood dyscrasias | |
| Hepatitis |
The main symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) include:
- Feel hungry
- Weakness and dizziness
- Feeling anxious or irritable
- Sweating and chills
- Tremble
- Tingling of lips
- Palpitations
- Vision changes, such as blurred vision
- Confused
Pharmacokinetics[edit]
- Absorption
- Rapid and complete. Peak plasma concentrations occur 1 to 3 hours after a single oral dose. For extended-release formulations, peak plasma concentrations are reached within 6 to 12 hours.
- Metabolism
- Occurs mainly in the liver
- Elimination
- Mainly in urine, half-life 2 to 5 hours
The glucose-lowering effect of glipizide can last for up to 24 hours.
Drug Precautions[edit]
Pregnancy
Avoid use, insulin preferred
Breastfeeding
Not recommended
Children and Elderly
Not for children, use caution in elderly
Renal impairment
Start with lower dose, adjust carefully
Monitoring requirements
- Regular blood glucose monitoring
- HbA1c levels
- Renal and liver function tests
Drug interactions
NSAIDs, beta-blockers, antifungals may enhance the hypoglycemic effect
FAQ[edit]
How Should I Take the Tablet?
Take 30 minutes before meals.
What Should I Avoid While Taking?
Alcohol, skipping meals
What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
Take as soon as remembered if within a few hours, otherwise skip and take the next scheduled dose. Do not double dose.
