Glipizide: Difference between revisions
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===Glipizide 5mg=== | ===Glipizide 5mg=== | ||
[[File:Glipizide 5mg.mp3]] | [[File:Glipizide 5mg.mp3]] | ||
==Common Strengths of Glipizide Tablet== | |||
Glipizide tablets are available in the following strengths: | |||
*2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg tablets (immediate-release and extended-release) | |||
==Drug Trade Names of Glipizide Tablet== | |||
*Glucotrol | |||
*Glucotrol XL | |||
==Drug Usag== | |||
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus | |||
==Mechanism of Action== | |||
Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells | |||
==Route of Administration== | |||
Glipizide is administered orally | |||
==Dosages== | |||
*Initially 2.5 - 5 mg once daily. The maximum recommended daily dosage is 20 mg. | |||
*Hypertension/Heart failure: No specific adjustments | |||
*Diabetic kidney disease: Start with 2.5 mg daily, adjust carefully | |||
==Side Effects== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
!style="text-align: left"| Frequency | |||
!Adverse reactions | |||
|- | |||
| '''Common | |||
| Hypoglycemia | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="3" | '''Uncommon | |||
| Nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, headache | |||
|- | |||
| Allergic skin reactions, blood dyscrasias | |||
|- | |||
| Hepatitis | |||
|} | |||
The main symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) include: | |||
*Feel hungry | |||
*Weakness and dizziness | |||
*Feeling anxious or irritable | |||
*Sweating and chills | |||
*Tremble | |||
*Tingling of lips | |||
*Palpitations | |||
*Vision changes, such as blurred vision | |||
*Confused | |||
==Pharmacokinetics== | |||
*Absorption | |||
**Rapid and complete. Peak plasma concentrations occur 1 to 3 hours after a single oral dose. For extended-release formulations, peak plasma concentrations are reached within 6 to 12 hours. | |||
*Metabolism | |||
**Occurs mainly in the liver | |||
*Elimination | |||
**Mainly in urine, half-life 2 to 5 hours | |||
The glucose-lowering effect of glipizide can last for up to 24 hours. | |||
==Drug Precautions== | |||
'''Pregnancy | |||
Avoid use, insulin preferred | |||
'''Breastfeeding | |||
Not recommended | |||
'''Children and Elderly | |||
Not for children, use caution in elderly | |||
'''Renal impairment | |||
Start with lower dose, adjust carefully | |||
'''Monitoring requirements | |||
*Regular blood glucose monitoring | |||
*HbA1c levels | |||
*Renal and liver function tests | |||
'''Drug interactions | |||
NSAIDs, beta-blockers, antifungals may enhance the hypoglycemic effect | |||
==FAQ== | |||
'''How Should I Take the Tablet? | |||
Take 30 minutes before meals. | |||
'''What Should I Avoid While Taking? | |||
Alcohol, skipping meals | |||
'''What Happens if I Miss a Dose? | |||
Take as soon as remembered if within a few hours, otherwise skip and take the next scheduled dose. Do not double dose. | |||
Revision as of 23:50, 3 July 2024
Drug class: Sulfonylureas
Glipizide (GLUCOTROL)（中文：格列吡嗪）
Pronunciation
Glipizide 5mg
Common Strengths of Glipizide Tablet
Glipizide tablets are available in the following strengths:
- 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg tablets (immediate-release and extended-release)
Drug Trade Names of Glipizide Tablet
- Glucotrol
- Glucotrol XL
Drug Usag
Treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Mechanism of Action
Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells
Route of Administration
Glipizide is administered orally
Dosages
- Initially 2.5 - 5 mg once daily. The maximum recommended daily dosage is 20 mg.
- Hypertension/Heart failure: No specific adjustments
- Diabetic kidney disease: Start with 2.5 mg daily, adjust carefully
Side Effects
| Frequency | Adverse reactions |
|---|---|
| Common | Hypoglycemia |
| Uncommon | Nausea, diarrhea, dizziness, headache |
| Allergic skin reactions, blood dyscrasias | |
| Hepatitis |
The main symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) include:
- Feel hungry
- Weakness and dizziness
- Feeling anxious or irritable
- Sweating and chills
- Tremble
- Tingling of lips
- Palpitations
- Vision changes, such as blurred vision
- Confused
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption
- Rapid and complete. Peak plasma concentrations occur 1 to 3 hours after a single oral dose. For extended-release formulations, peak plasma concentrations are reached within 6 to 12 hours.
- Metabolism
- Occurs mainly in the liver
- Elimination
- Mainly in urine, half-life 2 to 5 hours
The glucose-lowering effect of glipizide can last for up to 24 hours.
Drug Precautions
Pregnancy
Avoid use, insulin preferred
Breastfeeding
Not recommended
Children and Elderly
Not for children, use caution in elderly
Renal impairment
Start with lower dose, adjust carefully
Monitoring requirements
- Regular blood glucose monitoring
- HbA1c levels
- Renal and liver function tests
Drug interactions
NSAIDs, beta-blockers, antifungals may enhance the hypoglycemic effect
FAQ
How Should I Take the Tablet?
Take 30 minutes before meals.
What Should I Avoid While Taking? Alcohol, skipping meals
What Happens if I Miss a Dose?
Take as soon as remembered if within a few hours, otherwise skip and take the next scheduled dose. Do not double dose.
